世界小史 第74期:纪念碑

After this the Persians never again dared attack the Greeks. 从此波斯人没有再敢涉足希腊。 And this is very interesting, because it wasn't as if the Persians were weaker or more stupid than the Greeks far from it. 这意味深长，倒不是

世界小史 第75期:荒凉的大山

I said earlier that Greece, when set against the Persian empire, was no more than a small peninsula, 我已经谈到，顶住了波斯帝国强大压力的希腊是一个小小的半岛， dotted here and there with little cities of busy merchants, 有

世界小史 第76期:希腊

But one thing united the Greeks: their religion and their sport. 但只有一件事情把希腊联合在一起了：他们的信仰和体育运动。 And I say 'one thing' because, strangely enough, sport and religion weren't two separate things they

世界小史 第81期:城市的公民

These laws were so strict that people still speak of Draconian severity. 这些法律十分严厉以致人们今天还在谈论德拉古的严厉。 But the people of Athens, who had roamed the seas in their ships, and had heard and seen so many diff

世界小史 第82期:雅典人

For a while individual noblemen curried favor with the people to win their votes, and then seized power. 在一段时间里一些贵族附和民众获得他们的选票，然后夺取了统治权。 Rulers like these were called tyrants. 这样的统治

世界小史 第83期:伊安尼尔人

And so he gradually worked his way up until, by 444 BC a number as beautiful as the time it represents, 就这样他逐渐获得了最高统治权并自公元前444年起这个数字像它所表明的时代一样美, he was, in effect, the city's sol

世界小史 第84期:哲学

The Ionians in the colonial outposts may have been ahead of them here, 在殖民地的伊安尼尔人已经比他们先走了一步, for they had already reflected on what the world was actually made of, and what might be the cause of all events and

世界小史 第85期:雕像

When you look at the works of Greek artists, and see how fresh and simple and beautiful they are, 看希腊艺术家的作品时，你会发现它们是多么清新、简单和美好， it is as if their creators were seeing the world for the first t

世界小史 第86期:圣地

All we have are little paintings on pottery on vases and urns. 我们只见到陶制器皿上、花瓶上和坛子上的小型画像。 Their loveliness tells us what we have lost. 这些画像如此之美以至我们能够想象得出来我们丧失了

世界小史 第87期:戏剧

Both wisdom of thought and beauty of form were to be united by the Athenians in a third art: the art of poetry. 在第三种艺术中，即在诗艺中，雅典人把思想的睿智和形式的美统一起来。 And here, too, they invented something

世界小史 第88期:世界的另一端

And now let us go to the opposite end of the world. 现在让我们来到世界的另一端， To India and then to China, so that we can find out what was going on in these vast lands at the time of the Persian wars. 来到印度，然后去中国，这

世界小史 第89期:达罗

Although we know almost nothing about the people who built Mohenjo Daro, 尽管我们几乎一点不知道什么人建造了摩亨佐.达罗， we do know that different people arrived much later, and that they are ancestors of the people who inhabit

世界小史 第90期:斯巴达人

In time, most of the continent was subdued by the descendants of these invaders, 当时，该大陆的大部分被这些侵略者的后裔征服， who, like the Spartans, maintained a distance between themselves and the peoples they had conquered. 他

世界小史 第91期:文字

Their task was to perform sacrifices to the gods and look after the temples, and, as in Egypt, they were in charge of sacred knowledge. 他们的职责是照管给神灵的祭献品和神庙，就像在埃及那样，他们负责神圣的事情。 Th

世界小史 第79期:当地居民

Let us now take a closer look at two of Greece's most important cities: Sparta and Athens. 现在让我们仔细看看希腊两个最重要的城市：斯巴达和雅典。 We already know something about the Spartans: they were Dorians, who, when th

世界小史 第80期:活着

Boys were beaten just to harden them to pain. 人们打男孩只是为了让他们变得坚强，习惯疼痛。 A harsh upbringing is still called 'Spartan' today, 今天人们仍把这种严格的教育称之为斯巴达式教育， and as you know

世界小史 第78期:火山地区

As sometimes happens in volcanic regions, there was a fissure in the ground from which vapor issued. 像在火山地区常见的那样, 蒸汽使地面产生裂缝。 If anyone inhaled it, it literally clouded their mind. It was as if they were drunk

世界小史 第77期:奥林匹克运动会

Since the Olympic Games took place once every four years, and were attended by all the Greeks, they provided everyone with a convenient way to measure time. 由于奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次,而且所有的希腊人都来观看，所以运

世界小史 第106期:孔夫子

So I am sure you will be interested in the teachings of Confucius or K'ung Fu-tzu, as he was called in Chinese. 所以我确定你会对孔子或汉语中叫孔夫子的学说感兴趣。 They aren't hard to understand. Nor to remember. 它们不难懂

世界小史 第105期:释迦牟尼

Now at the same time as the Buddha was seeking to relieve man's suffering in India,就在释迦牟尼在印度寻找使人类摆脱苦难的时候，as you remember, that was around 500 BC, there was in China another great man who was also trying to