单词：back
音标：[bæk] ；
柯林斯词典等级：5 级；
牛津三千核心词汇；
a. 后面的
vt. 使后退, 支持
vi. 倒退, 背靠
adv. 向后地
n. 背部, 后面
vt. 使后退, 支持
vi. 倒退, 背靠
adv. 向后地
n. 背部, 后面
n. the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine
n. the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer
n. (football) a person who plays in the backfield
n. the part of a garment that covers the back of your body
n. the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer
n. (football) a person who plays in the backfield
n. the part of a garment that covers the back of your body
词型变化：过去分词 : backed ; 名词复数形式 : backs ; 过去式 : backed ; 现在分词 : backing ; 第三人称单数 : backs
考试类型：[中考/高考/IELTS]
考试类型：[中考/高考/IELTS]
词性分布：
back的用法和样例：
例句
用作名词(n.)
- Three people can sit in the back of this car.这车的后座可坐3个人。
- It encouraged him to talk because his back had stiffened in the night and it hurt truly now.他靠说话来鼓劲,因为他的背脊在夜里变得僵直,眼下真痛得厉害。
- You'll make your back ache if you carry those heavy buckets.如果你背那些沉重的桶，你的背会痛的。
- John plays back in the team.约翰在这个队打后卫。
用作及物动词(vt.)
- I'll back you up no matter what's happening.不论发生什么事,我都会支持你。
- I found no evidence to back your interpretation.我找不到证据来支持你的解释。
- You'll have to back the car up into the garage.你得倒车，开进车库。
- He refused to back away from his position.他拒绝放弃自己的立场。
用作副词(adv.)
- Slacken your legs and slowly lie back.放松双腿, 慢慢向后躺下。
- Stand back! You're stepping on my toes.向后站！你踩在我的脚趾头上了。
用作形容词(adj.)
- The kangaroo uses its back legs to jump.袋鼠是用牠的后脚在跳。
- I bought some back issues of science magazines yesterday.昨天我买了几本过期的科学杂志。
常见句型
用作名词(n.)
- There used to be a big and beautiful garden at the back of their house.以前在他们房子的后方是一个大花园。
- There is a lot of useful information at the back of this dictionary.这本词典的后面附有很多有用的信息。
- The last time I bought from a market trader I was given rotten fruit from the back of the pile.上次我在集市上买东西,小贩卖给我的是从水果堆后面拣出的烂水果。
- I've got a sore place in my back.我背上有个地方痛。
- He likes sitting in the back of the class.他一直喜欢坐在教室的后排。
- Some fishes have gills on the back.一些鱼背上有刺。
- There is a bird on the back of a piece of cloth.一块布的反面有一只鸟。
- You write the address on the front of an envelope, not on the back of it.你把地址写在信封正面,而不是反面。
- I am afraid my report for the past year is not a very cheerful one, it is the story of one calamity on the back of another.恐怕我关于去年的报告不令人愉快,那是一个接一个的灾难故事。
- The little boy was dozing with his back against the chair.那个小男孩正靠在椅子上打盹。
- Did you paint the back of the bookcase?你漆过书橱的背面吗?
- My home lies back of the school.我家就在学校后面。
- One of the backs was hurt in the match.其中一名后卫受了伤。
用作动词(v.)
用作不及物动词S+～(+A)- The horse backed suddenly.马突然向后倒退。
- Don't back off.别打退堂鼓。
- I hope you will back my thought.我希望你能支持我的想法。
- Can you back your story with facts?你能举出事实来证明你的话吗?
- You could back the dress with silk.你可以给这件衣服加丝绸衬里。 1
- All our books have now been backed.现在我们的书全部都包上了书皮。
用作形容词(adj.)
用作定语～+ n.- On the back wall there is a map of China.后墙上有一幅中国地图。
- He came through the back door.他从后门进来。
- Does the back door have a lock on it?后门上锁没有?
- He sat in a back seat in the car.他坐在车的后座上。
- There is something wrong with the back wheels of the truck.卡车的后轮出了故障。
- He clawed his way up from the back streets of Glasgow.他是从格拉斯哥的穷街陋巷里爬上来的。
- The war is all back history now, and our two countries are good friends.这场战争已成为过去的历史,我们两国现在是友邦了。
- He owed three months' back rent.他欠了3个月的租金。
用作副词(adv.)
用作状语- The crowd fell back to let the fire engine through.人群向后退去,以便给消防车让路。
- Our army forced the enemy to fall back.我军迫使敌军撤退。
- I bent back too far and hurt my neck.我向后仰得过度了,扭伤了脖子。
- I hope you'll never change back from the person you have recently become.你最近跟过去判若两人,我希望你不要故态复萌。
- Students have no way of getting back at a teacher who marks their work unfairly.学生无法报复评分不公道的老师。
- The sight of the garden bears back the days when we lived in Paris.见到那个花园使我们回想起当年住在巴黎时的日子。
- It was he who bore back the latest news.是他带回了最新的消息。
- He will be back before the month is out.他将在月底前回来。
- He is sure to be back soon.他不久一定会回来。
- I shall be back this evening.I'm not sure what train.我今晚回去,但说不准哪趟火车。
- After a year in the hospital, he's back in circulation.住了一年医院之后,他又活跃起来了。
- That smell of freshly baked bread carries me back!新烤面包的气味使我忆起往事!
- May I borrow your pen?I'll bring it back tomorrow.我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗?我明天还。
- Don't bend the book back, you'll damage it.别向后卷书,会弄坏的。
- Would you carry the chairs back into the house for me?你能替我把这些椅子送回那个屋子里吗?
常用短语
用作名词(n.)
at the back of- 支持 support
- 在内心中 in one's thoughts, but without being of immediate or central concern
- 处于绝境 in difficulties with no retreat
- 背靠背 back against back
- 前后颠倒 with the back placed where the front should be
- 一切从头再来 restarting from the beginning
- 取笑〔烦扰〕某人 annoy, hinder or persecute sb
- 背着某人 without sb's knowledge or consent
- 解决了最艰难的部分 finish the more or most difficult part of sth
- 找某人的麻烦 persecute sb
- 难看的,丑陋的 ugly
- 熟悉 intimately
- 对…表示赞扬 praisepat sb/oneself on the back
It can be very embarrassing to have to listen to someone patting you on the back in public.
不得已而需要在大庭广众之下听人赞扬自己会使你很窘。
Her performance wasn't so wonderful—I don't know what cause she has to pat herself on the back.
她的表演并不怎么精彩——我不知道她有什么理由自鸣得意。
The first minutes of his speech consisted mainly of patting himself on the back.
他发言的前几分钟主要是自吹自擂。
- 竭尽全力 make a strenuous effort
- 纠缠 be in a tangle
- 背弃 abandon; deliberately ignore
- 为了与己方便而给某人以方便; 投之以桃,报之以李 you do me a favour and I will do you one in return
用作动词(v.)
back away( v.+adv. )- 不愿考虑 be unwilling to consider an ideaback away
The crowd backed away to let the wounded man pass through.
人群向后退,让受伤的人通过。
back away from sthThe child backed away from the fierce dog.
那孩子害怕那只恶狗,直往后退。
back away from sthI could see she was backing away from the idea.
我看得出来她不愿考虑这一意见。
- 退让,退回去,撤销(要求等) accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrongback down
I saw that she was right, so I had to back down.
我看到她是正确的,所以我只好放弃原来的主张。
- (使)倒进… (cause to) move back into sthback into sth
Be careful when you back into the garage, the doorway is very narrow.
你把车倒入车库时要小心,门道很窄。
back sth into sthNext you must learn how to back a car into a parking space.
下一步你应该学会如何把车倒入停车的空地。
- 后面是,背靠着 be near to or have at the backback onto sth
Our house backs onto a piece of woodland.
我们的房屋后面是一块林地。
We chose this house because the garden backs onto the tennis courts.
我们选择这一住宅是因为它的花园背靠着网球场。
- 不遵守(诺言、合同等),改变主意 fail to fulfil a promise, contract, etc.; change an ideaback out
I hope I can depend on you not to back out at the last moment.
我希望能信赖你不至于在最后关头撒手不干。
Please don't try to back out now that everything's been arranged.
既然一切都已安排妥当,请不要试图改变主意。
You said you would go; you can't back out now.
你答应要去,你不能食言啊!
back out of sthHe would like to back out of the contract, but we can't allow it.
他想取消这个合同,但是我们不能答应。
- 复制 make a copy ofback sb/sth ⇔ up
The policeman wouldn't have believed me if you hadn't backed me up.
如果当时没有你的支持,警察是不会相信我的。
He backed up his arguments with facts.
他以事实支持自己的论点。
back sth ⇔ upThe flood water from the storm backed up the pipes.
暴雨引起的洪水堵塞了管道。
back upYou'll have to back up and turn around.
你将不得不往后退并转身。
back sth ⇔ upMake sure you back up the disk before you turn the computer off.
在你关机之前要确定磁盘已存档。
用作形容词(adj.)
take a back seat- 居于次要的地位; 知趣靠边 adopt an inconspicuous position or role
- 走后门,通过不正当的秘密途径 in an unofficial way; indirectly
用作副词(adv.)
answer back- 参见answer条。
- 来回地 from one place to another and back again repeatedly
- 报复have one's revenge
- 参见go条。
- 参见hold条。
- 参见keep条。
- 参见pay条。
- 往返,来回 to a place and back again
词汇搭配
用作名词 (n.)
动词+～- break one's back拼命干,尽最大努力
- break the back of sth完成某事最艰难的部分
- get sb's back up触怒某人
- get off sb's back不再找某人的麻烦
- give sb one's back不理睬某人
- have one's back to the wall陷入绝境
- lean one's back against the wall以背靠墙
- put one's back into sth孜孜不倦地做某事
- see the back of赶走,撵走
- sit in the back坐在后面
- turn one's back on对…掉头不顾,轻视
- at sb's back幕后支持
- at the back在后部
- at the back of one's mind在脑中酝酿
- behind sb's back瞒着某人
- from the back从后面
- in the back (of)在(…的)后部
- in the back of the book书后的附录中
- in the back of one's mind下意识地,潜意识地
- lie on one's back仰卧
- on one's back仰天而卧,用背驮
- on the back of a magazine杂志的封底上
- back to back背靠背
- stand back to back背对背站着
用作动词 (v.)
～+副词- back agilely机敏地支持
- back consistently一贯支持
- back contemptuously傲慢地支持
- back deliberately故意支持
- back discreetly谨慎地支持
- back strongly坚决支持
- back down退出
- back off后退,放弃
- back out不遵守
- back up支持,堵塞,后退
- back against面对,反对
- back by sb's influence在某人权势的支持下
- back away from从…避开
- back into the garage倒进车库
- back onto背朝着
- back through the gate倒出大门
- back dress with silk用绸布做衣服衬里
用作形容词 (adj.)
～+名词- back door后门
- back seats后座
- back vowels后元音
- back yard后院
用作副词 (adv.)
动词+～- answer back反驳，回嘴，顶嘴；还击
- bite back很快忍住说出(秘密或冒犯他人的话)
- blink back one's tears用眨眼来抑制泪水
- bounce back(失意后)恢复，回升
- bring back带回；归还；使回忆起；恢复
- bring back to health使恢复健康
- bring back to life使恢复生命
- call back回电话；叫回
- carry...back (to)使回想起
- choke back忍住，抑制
- claim back (from)要求收回，索回
- come back回来；又流行起来；恢复记忆；想起来；(指制度、法律)恢复
- cut back修剪；缩减
- date back to追溯到
- double back(为躲避追捕)原路返回；折叠起来，对折
- draw back (from)引开，拉开，缩回；撤回，取消；(比赛中)超越
- drive back迫使…后退；驾车返回
- drop back落后；后撤
- fall back后退，退却
- fall back on〔upon〕求助于，依赖
- feed back (to)反馈回…
- fold back折叠，折起
- get back回来，回到；失而复得；取回，恢复原位；对…报复
- get back into circulation重新恢复正常生活
- get back into harness病愈后重新工作
- get back to返回
- give back归还；恢复(视力、自由等)；反射出，照出
- go back on (one's word)背弃；食言
- go back to返回，归还，退回；重做某事，重操旧业；(冬令制)把钟表调回；追溯，时光返回到
- hand back (to)交还；物归原主
- hang back犹豫；退缩
- have back收回(被借走、偷走等之)某物；允许(分手的配偶等)返回
- hold back阻止前进；控制；抑制；(由于谨慎、害怕而)犹豫，踌躇；保留，扣住(不发表)，保密
- keep back (from)保持一定距离，克制住，挡住；隐瞒住，不让知道；扣留；留住；不付
- lie back往后靠坐；放松
- look back (on)回顾
- pay back归还；还清；报复
- play back放，放送(唱片、磁带等)
- pull back撤退，撤回
- push back逼迫；使撤退；把…推回原处
- put...back把…放回原处；倒拨时钟；使(日期)推迟；放慢；延迟；阻止
- put the clock back倒行逆施；开倒车
- read...back读出(信息内容等)以供核对
- refer...back (to)(将文件等)退回、交回给…予以某种处理；重新提及
- report back (to)归来报到；作调查汇报
- ring back再打电话；回电话
- roll back(使)卷起来；把(录音带等)卷回；(浪潮)退落；撤退，击退；(过去的时光)返回
- run back倒卷，倒回(影片、录音带等)
- run back over回顾；再次审议
- send back(因不满意)送回，退还(商品或饭菜)
- set back耽误，阻碍进展；使…破费；使(建筑物)坐落在离开…一定的距离
- settle back安坐在椅子里
- shrink back (from)(由于害怕)畏缩；退缩
- sit back在一旁闲着，袖手旁观
- spring back弹回
- stand back位于离…有一段距离的地方；保持距离以便更好地理解或判断；拒绝介入；退出
- step back后退
- take back使回来；归来；同意接受退货；重新任命被解职者；收回，撤回
- take sb back (to)使某人回想起
- talk back回嘴，顶嘴
- think back on回想，回忆
- think back to回想，回忆
- throw back扔回；揭去，拉开；阻击，耽误，击退；(责备地)向…重提
- throw back on迫使…依靠
- trace back (to)追溯；回溯
- turn back(使)折回，往回走
- whip back迅速返回或弹回
- win back赢回，夺回
- wind back(磁带)倒带；(胶卷)倒卷
经典引文
Down his back from his mane to his tail went a line of black.
出自：O. HenryShe stood with her back against the door feeling the brass handle press against a bone in her spine.
出自：A. SchleeA small flat back claw, or toe.
出自：J. RayComing unexpectedly from a back parlour into the shop.
出自：L. SterneA little morocco box, which..contained the Major's back teeth.
出自：ThackerayThe bomber..might have to travel only 50 miles..to the back areas of the German Army to bomb dumps.sssss J. le Carr&eacusc;
出自：E. C. ShepherdThey sat over a pot of tea in the back kitchen.
出自：F. ForsythThe ashler walls were backed..with rubble stone, or with bricks.
出自：J. SmeatonThe angel of the Lord rolled back the stone.
出自：Bible (AV): MatthewBack, beardless boy! Back, minion!
出自：Sir W. ScottI sort of brushed my hair back with my hand.
出自：J. D. SalingerLooking back when at the gate.
出自：P. Porter
【近义词】
- rear后面的
- behind在...之后
- hind后部的
- backwards向后
- backbone脊骨
- spine脊柱
- vertebrae[解]椎骨
- support支持
- recede后退
- reverse逆转
- backward向后的
- vertebral column脊柱
- spinal column脊柱
- back up(因积聚而)拥堵...
- spinal脊骨的
- encourage鼓励
- sponsor保证人
- succour救助
- help帮助
- sustain支持
- second第二的
- patronize以高人一等的态度对待...
- boost提高
- favour恩惠
- aid援助
- assist帮助
- abet煽动
- uphold支持
- subsidize给与补助金或奖助金...
- promote促进
- countenance面容
- maintain维持
- bolster长枕
- certify证明
- validate使生效
- corroborate确证
- attest证明
- go去
- end结束
- buttocks（常复数）臀部...
- stern严厉的
- substantiate证实
- heel脚后跟
- rump[鸟]尾部
- confirm证实
- to对于
- backside臀部
- breech后膛
- hind-quarters后臀和腿
- fundament基础
- posterior(在时间
- return返回
- rebound弹回
- tail end尾端
- ebb退潮
- retrogress倒退
- recoil退却
- backtrack由原路返回
- retrocede后退(交还)
- retreat撤退
- revert恢复
- tail后部
- regress倒退
- bat球棒
- go to bat for庇护(辩护
- for为
- stand站立
- stand behind后援, 做后盾...
- hinder阻碍
- back down放弃
- endorse赞同
- down向下
- indorse 背书
- go backwards倒退, 退步; 堕落...
- turn tail逃跑
- prior优先的
- ago以前
- backrest靠背
- since因为
- rachis脊椎
- binding镶边
- punt方头或平底船...
- heretofore以前
- stake桩
- back后面
- turn翻转
- rearward在背后
- plump for选定
- removed离开的
- bygone过去的
- dorsum[解]背部
- gage抵押品
- distant疏远的
- remote遥远的
- former前者的
- past过
- obsolete已废弃的
- plunk for支持
- earlier早的
- faraway遥远的
- the那
- cover封面
- dated过时的
- secluded与世隔绝的
- elapsed流逝的
- out-of-the-way偏僻的
- late迟的
- outermost最外方的
- hindmost最后方的
- last持续
- bet on为 ... 打赌
- game游戏
- previous以前的
- rural农村的，乡村的，田园的...
- rearwards向后方
- advocate提倡
- side边
- guarantee保证
- finance金融
- ridge脊
- befriend待 ... 如友
- favor偏爱
- insure保险
- early早
- or或者
- forward向前的
- ward病房
- forwards向前地
【反义词】