世界小史 第126期:原路返回

Of course it would have been far the simplest thing to do, since those regions had already been conquered. 当然原路返回要省事得多，因为沿路各地区都已被占领。 But Alexander wanted new sights and new conquests. 但是亚历山大

世界小史 第127期:盾牌

His men shouted to him to jump back down. 士兵们向他大声喊叫，要他赶快跳回来。 Instead he leapt straight into the city and, with his back to the ramparts, defended himself with his shield against overwhelming odds. 但是他却一跃直

世界小史 第128期:下跪

Anyone who came into his presence had to fall on their knees before him and speak to him as if he were a god. 任何人来到他的面前必须向他下跪并仿佛他真的是一个神似的同他讲话。 And in the manner of Oriental kings he had

世界小史 第129期:亚历山大

Alexander never realized his great ambition of mingling the two peoples, 亚历山大的融合两个民族的伟大事业怎么也成功不了，亚历山大的融合两个民族的伟大事业怎么也成功不了， even though he handed out rich d

世界小史 第130期:多里安人和伊安尼尔人

Egypt was then governed by a family of generals the Ptolemies. 接着一个将领家族统治了埃及托勒密王室。 The Seleucids ruled Mesopotamia, and the Attalids Asia Minor. 塞琉古王室统治了美索不达米亚，安提克王室统治了

世界小史 第131期:亚历山大

Alexander only went east. Although 'only' may not be quite the right word! 亚历山大只向东方进军。只当然并非是个正确的词！ But the lands that lay to the west of Greece did not tempt him just a couple of Phoenician and Greek colo

世界小史 第132期:罗马城

Romulus, so the myth goes, founded Rome. 这则神话说罗穆卢斯建立了罗马城。 They even had a date for it, 753 BC, and would later count the years from that date as the Greeks did from the Olympiads. 人们甚至说出建城的年代：公元

世界小史 第133期:贵族

These were the patricians the word means something like 'city fathers' although in those days they weren't citizens as we know them, 这些人是patricians（贵族）这个词的意思大致相当于市议员但是你不可以把这个时代的市议员

世界小史 第134期:屈服

Unlike the gentle Indians they didn't willingly submit. 不同于温和的印度人，他们不愿意屈服。 On more than one occasion they threatened to leave the city unless they were treated better and given a share of the fields and pastures wh

世界小史 第135期:繁荣富强

But when they set out to do something, they did it, even if it took 200 years, 但是他们一旦决心要做什么事，他们便总是将其实现，哪怕这要持续2000年， for they were peasants through and through, not restless seafarers lik

世界小史 第136期:对法律的忠诚

There are many old and wonderful stories telling of the love Romans had for their native land and of their faithfulness to its laws. 有许多古老的、美好的故事讲述罗马人的这种对家乡的热爱和他们对法律的忠诚。 Stories

世界小史 第122期:撤离埃及

Before he left Egypt to continue his campaign, he founded a new city by the sea and named it after himself: Alexandria. 在他撤离埃及继续作战之前，他在海边建立了一座城市并按他自己的名字命名：亚历山大。 It is sti

世界小史 第150期:亚历山大大帝

It would never have occurred to the Romans to do what Alexander the Great had done. 罗马人从未有过类似于亚历山大大帝那样的想法。 They had no wish to turn the lands they conquered into a single, vast empire in which everyone was

世界小史 第151期:宗教

They could practice their own religion and speak their own language, and in many ways they benefited from all the good things the Romans brought, such as roads. 他们可以保持自己的宗教并讲自己的语言。是的，罗马人也带给他们各

世界小史 第141期:宽阔的公路

He was that rare thing: a man who made war like a chess-player, carefully considering each move before he made it. 他是个不寻常的人：他是一个在战争中像一个棋手在下每一步棋前都深思熟虑的人。 But above all he was a

世界小史 第142期:罗马人的军队

But Hannibal found a way through for his army and they finally reached Italy. 但是汉尼拔为他的大军开出一条道路，并且他们最终到达意大利。 There he was confronted by the Romans, but he defeated them in a bloody battle. 那里

世界小史 第143期:烧杀抢掠

Ignoring his advice, they attacked Hannibal at a place called Cannae. 他们不听他的建议，在一个叫坎尼的地方攻打汉尼拔。 There they were decisively beaten: 40,000 dead on the Roman side. 罗马人遭到了毁灭性的打击：死了

世界小史 第144期:迦太基

After 14 years in Italy Hannibal finally returned to Africa, where his countrymen needed him. 在意大利征战14年后最后汉尼拔返回了非洲，因为他的同胞们需要他。 The Romans, led by Scipio their general, had reached the gates

世界小史 第145期:罗马人

Carthage was still standing, a fact which many Romans would not accept, in particular a patrician named Cato. 迦太基居然还存在，许多罗马人都不能容忍，特别是有一个名叫加图的执政官。 Cato was a just and honorable man,

世界小史 第146期:汉尼拔

If you have always found history boring, you are going to enjoy this chapter. 如果历史一直让你感到无聊的话，那么你将感到这章很有意思。 At about the same time as Hannibal was in Italy, that is, shortly after 220 BC, an empe