音标：[skrætʃt] ；

[体]弃权

v cause friction
v cut the surface of; wear away the surface of
v scrape or rub as if to relieve itching
v postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled
v remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line
v gather (money or other resources) together over time
v carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface

词性分布：

形容词100%

scratch的用法和样例：

例句

用作动词(v.)

The dog is scratching at the door.狗正在抓门。
He pretended to scratch his ear.他假装搔耳朵。
I had to scratch my head to remember his name.我只想苦苦地回忆他的名字。
Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏家具。
He scratched out my name on that list.他把我的名字从那个名单上删除。
Will you scratch that sticker off the car window?请你把车窗上的那张贴纸撕下好吗?

用作名词(n.)

There's a scratch on the side of my car.我的汽车侧面有一道划痕。
You can clean the scratch with alcohol.你可以用酒精把擦痕去掉。
He heard the scratch of a match.他听到划火柴的声音。
His career started from scratch.他的事业从头开始。
I decide to learn English from scratch.我决定从头学习英语。

常见句型

用作动词(v.)

用作不及物动词S+～(+A)

The dog is always scratching.那条狗老是搔痒。
The pen scratches badly.这支钢笔钩纸钩得利害。

用作及物动词S+～+ n./pron.

He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.他有一种奇怪的习惯,一讲话就搔耳朵。
Please leave off scratching your head.请不要搔头了。
Scratch yourself if you itch.如果你觉得痒,搔好了。
The cat scratched my hand.猫把我的手给搔了。
The cat has scratched a hole in the flowerbed.猫在花坛上扒了一个坑。
The brambles scratched my legs.荆棘刺伤了我的双腿。
The knife has scratched the table.小刀划坏了桌子。
I hope you are not going to scratch me.我希望你不会把我的名字从比赛中划去。

The horse was scratched.那匹马退出比赛了。

用作名词(n.)

His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.他的狗想进来时就用爪子抓门。
Her face was covered with scratches.她脸上有很多划痕。
I heard the scratches on the old records.我听到旧唱片的沙沙声。

常用短语

用作动词(v.)

scratch about (v.+adv.)

The farmyard was quiet, with just a few chickens scratching about.

这农家庭院静悄悄的,只有几只鸡在四处扒食。

scratch away (v.+adv.)

If you keep scratching away at that spot, you'll break the skin.

你要是不停地抓那个小包会抓破皮的。

Most of the paint has been scratched away by heavy wear.

由于磨损严重,大部分油漆已剥落。

scratch from (v.+prep.)

We had to scratch two players from the team because of damaged knee joints.

有两名选手膝关节受伤,我们只好不让他们参加比赛了。

Jim should have an easy victory, as two of the best runners have been scratched from the race.

吉姆应该很容易地轻易取胜,因为两名优秀赛跑运动员已经从比赛中除名了。

scratch out (v.+adv.)

勉强维持 make or get with difficultyIt wasn't easy scratching out a living in those hard times.在那段艰难的日子里,糊口真不容易。scratch up (v.+adv.)

掘起,挖出 dig sth outThat cat has scratched up all my young plants again!那只猫又把我种的那些幼苗给扒出来了!

用作名词(n.)

from scratch

〈非正〉从头做起,从零开始starting from the beginning or with nothingup to scratch

〈非正〉情况良好,达到标准in(to) good condition or at〔to〕 an acceptable standard

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

scratch one's ear搔耳朵
scratch one's head搔头
scratch a hole扒坑
scratch one's legs刺伤双腿
scratch the table划坏桌子

～+副词

scratch eagerly热心地勾掉
scratch inadvertently非故意地刮伤
scratch industriously勤奋地抓
scratch obviously明显地刮伤
scratch ruthlessly无情地勾掉
scratch sorely使人伤心地退出比赛
scratch unexpectedly意外地刮伤
scratch the plants away把植物扒掉
scratch out a name from a list从名单上划去一个名字
scratch together拼凑
scratch up a bone扒出一根骨头

～+介词

scratch at抓
scratch at the door在门上乱抓
scratch for oneself竭力独自谋生
scratch on在…上刻画
scratch hand on a nail手被钉子划伤
scratch name on the wall在墙上刻下名字

用作名词 (n.)

形容词+～

nasty scratch难看的划痕
slight scratch轻微的擦伤

经典引文

Surely a few drops of blood from a scratch..are not to part father and son.
出自：Sir W. Scott
The young ensign passed through the four months of..fighting without a scratch.
出自：J. S. Corbett
She and her sister had scratched each other's faces.
出自：R. K. Narayan
Her thighs..were scratched with briars.
出自：G. Greene

【近义词】

scrape刮掉
mark记号
cut切
graze放牧
score得分
grate栅
rub擦
abrasion擦伤
itch痒
nick刻痕
scuff磨损
cancel取消
abrade擦伤
pull out拔出
scar疤痕
engrave雕刻
scribble潦草地书写
scrawl乱涂
writing写作
sketch速写
tick滴答作响
starting line起跑线
dinero <美俚>钱
strike罢工
chafe擦痛
expunge擦掉
lolly<英俚> 棒棒糖...
fray恼火
lettuce莴苣
scrape up凑集
scraping擦去
grave坟墓
wampum贝壳念珠
dough生面团
boodle <俚>贿赂金
cabbage卷心菜
prick刺
simoleons <俚>美元
kale[植]羽衣甘蓝...
scratching刮东西时发出的刺耳声...
gelt阉割(删去)
come up上升，升起
start开始
shekels <俚>钱
scrub用力擦洗
cacography拼写错误
excise货物税
scratch up拼凑
chicken feed(俚语)小钱
dent凹痕
incision切口
sugar糖，食糖
moolahmoola的异体字...
inscribe题写
loot掠夺品
scratch line起跑线
bread面包
lucre钱财(尤指不义之财)...
call off取消
excoriation剥皮
fret(使)烦恼
slit裂缝
clams动词clam的第三人称单...
pelf钱财

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单词：scratched

scratch的用法和样例：

例句

常见句型

常用短语

词汇搭配

经典引文

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