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Chapter 40 The year 1863 第40章 1863 年 412. Position of the Armies, January, 1863. 412．军队的状况（1863年1月） The Army of the Potomac, now under Hooker, and the Army of Northern Virginia were face to face at Fredericksburg on the Rapp
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113. Repeal of the Stamp Act, 1766. 113．废除《印花税法案》（1766年） It chanced that at this moment George III and George Grenville fell out. 碰巧此时乔治三世和乔 治o格伦维尔在互相猜忌， The king dismissed the minis
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CHAPTER 11 第11章 BRITAIN'S COLONIAL SYSTEM 不列颠的殖民地制度 103. Early Colonial Policy. 103．早期殖民政策 At the outset, England's rulers had been very kind to Englishmen who founded colonies. 一开始，英格兰统治者一直对
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162.Greene's Later Campaigns. 162．格林的后期战役 At Hobkirk's Hill, near Camden, the British soldiers who had been left behind by Cornwallis attacked Greene. 在卡姆登附近的蒿波克克山，被康沃利斯留下断后的英军士兵向格
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160.The Cowpens, 1781. 160．卡平斯（1781年） General Greene was now sent to the South to take charge of the resistance to Cornwallis. 此时，格林将军被派往南部地区负责抗击康沃利斯的战斗， A great soldier and a great or
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140. British Attack on Charleston, 1776. 140．英国人进攻查理斯顿（1776年） In June 1776 a British fleet and army made an attack on Charleston, South Carolina. 1776年6月，一支英国舰队和陆军进攻南卡罗莱纳的查理斯顿。
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171. Tender Laws. 171．清偿法 The people then clamored for tender laws. 随后，人民吵嚷着要成立清偿法， These were laws which would make it lawful for them to tender, or offer, paper money in exchange for flour or other things. 这些
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225. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798~99. 225．弗吉尼亚州和肯塔基州的决议（1798~1799年） In the exciting years before the Revolutionary War the colonial legislatures had passed many resolutions condemning the acts of the Briti
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220. The X.Y.Z. Affair, 1797~98. 220．X.Y.Z事件（1797~1798年） Adams at once summoned Congress and addressed the members in stirring words. 亚当斯立刻召集国会，他的讲话言辞激烈。 He denied that the Americans were a degraded p
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214. Jay's Treaty, 1794. 214．杰伊的协定（1794年） Ever since 1783 there had been trouble with the British. 自从1783年以来，美国与英国之间一直麻烦不断， They had not surrendered the posts on the Great Lakes, as the treaty
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213. The Whiskey Insurrection, 1794. 213．威士忌叛乱（1794年） The increasing expenses of the government made new taxes necessary. 日益增长的政府开支使得有必要增加新的税种， Among the new taxes was an internal revenue ta
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208. The Republicans. 208．共和党人 Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Albert Gallatin, and their friends entirely disagreed with the Federalists on all of these points. They called themselves Republicans. 托马斯o杰佛逊、詹姆斯o麦迪逊、
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200. The First Census, 1791. 200．第一次人口普查（1791年） The Constitution provided that representatives should be distributed among the states according to population as modified by the federal ratio. 宪法规定各州根据联邦比例修
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190. The First Ten Amendments. 190．前十条例正案 These defects seemed to be so grave that patriots like Patrick Henry, R.H. Lee, Samuel Adams, and John Hancock could not bring themselves to vote for its adoption. 这些缺陷看起来非常严重
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186. Franklin's Prophecy. 186．富兰克林的预言 It was with a feeling of real relief that the delegates finally came to the end of their labors. 代表们带着真正的解脱感完成了他们的工作， As they were putting their names to th
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239. The Judiciary Act of 1801. 239．《司法法案》（1801年） One of the last laws made by the Federalists was the Judiciary Act of 1801. 联邦党人最后制定的那些法律中有一个是1801年的《司法法案》， This law greatly e
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245. The Twelfth Amendment, 1804. 245．1804年宪法第十二条修正案 Four presidential elections had now been held under the method provided by the Constitution. 此时，根据宪法提供的方法已经举行了四次总统选举， And that
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241. Louisiana again a French Colony. 241．路易斯安那再次成为法国殖民地 Spanish territory now bounded the United States on the south and the west. 此时，美国的南部和西部都是西班牙的领土。 The Spaniards were not good
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280. The Florida Treaty, 1819. 280．《佛罗里达条约》（1819年） While this contest was going on, the United States bought of Spain a large tract of land admirably suited to negro slavery. 在这场争议进行的同时，美国从西班牙买
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289. Misfortunes of Adams's Administration. 289．亚当斯中央政府的不幸 Adams's first mistake was the appointment of Clay as Secretary of State. 亚当斯的第一个错误是任命克雷为国务卿， It was a mistake, because it gave the
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