时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:听电影学英语-食品公司


英语课

  [00:04.98]Roush: We produced a lot of corn 我们生产大量玉米

[00:06.14]and they came up with uses for it. 他们决定怎样使用这些玉米

[00:12.14]Larry Johnson: We are now engineering our foods. 我们掌握了改良食物的方法

[00:15.02]We know where to turn to for certain traits 我们知道某些食物特殊的性质从何而来

[00:17.02]like mouth feel and flavor. 例如口感和味道

[00:21.02]and engineer new foods 就可以改造出新的食物

[00:23.70]that don’t stale in the refrigerator, 放在冰箱里不会变味的食物

[00:27.06]don’t develop rancidity. 不会腐坏的食物

[00:27.74]Of course the biggest advance in recent years 当然,近年来最大的进步

[00:33.22]was high-fructose corn syrup 1. 莫过于高果糖含量的玉米糖浆

[00:35.74]You know, I would venture to guess 信不信由你,我敢说

[00:37.10]if you go and look on the supermarket shelf, 如果你去超级市场里看看

[00:41.10]I’ll bet you 90% of them 我敢打赌,90%的食品

[00:43.10]would contain either a corn or soybean ingredient, 里面都有玉米或大豆的原料

[00:46.14]and most of the time will contain both. 而且很多时候两种都有

[01:06.38]Pollan: Corn is the great raw material. 玉米是万能的原材料

[01:06.86]You get that big fat kernel 2 of starch 3 把它富含淀粉的核

[01:09.70]and you can break that down and reassemble it. 分解然后重组

[01:11.06]You can make high-fructose corn syrup. 可以制作高果糖含量的玉米糖浆

[01:13.06]You can make maltodextrin 可以制作麦芽黄素

[01:16.58]and diglycerides and xanthan gum 双甘油和黄原胶

[01:18.94]and ascorbic acid. 还有抗坏血酸(维生素C)

[01:20.94]All those obscure ingredients on the processed food-- 所有这些名字晦涩难懂的食品原料

[01:21.94]it’s remarkable 4 how many of them can be made from corn. 都是用神奇的玉米生产的

[01:25.62]Plus, you can feed it to animals. 而且,你还可以用它喂禽畜

[01:27.46]Roush: Corn is the main component 5 in feed ingredients 玉米是动物饲料的主要原料

[01:33.14]whether it’s chicken, hogs 6, cattle-- you name it. 鸡,猪,牛,只要你说得出都可以

[01:37.82]whether we’re eating the tilapia or the farmed salmon 7. 无论是罗非鱼还是饲养的三文鱼

[01:42.70]We’re teaching fish how to eat corn. 我们在教鱼怎么吃玉米

[01:48.54]The fact that we had so much cheap corn 正是因为我们有这么多便宜的玉米

[01:50.38]really allowed us to drive down the price of meat. 肉类的价格才得以降低

[01:55.58]I mean, the average American is eating over 200 lbs 我是说,每个美国人平均每年

[01:58.90]of meat per person per year. 吃超过200磅的肉

[01:59.10]That wouldn’t be possible 如果我们没有给禽畜喂食便宜的饲料

[02:01.10]had we not fed them this diet of cheap grain. 根本不可能生产这么多的肉类

[02:07.14]Since you’re selling corn at below the price of production, 由于玉米的销售价格低于成本

[02:10.98]the feedlot operator can buy corn 禽畜饲养者可以买到


  [02:16.14]at a fraction of what it costs to grow, 价格仅为种植成本一部分的玉米

[02:18.14]so that all the animals are sucked off 因此在美国中西部的农场里

[02:19.18]of all the farms in the Midwest. 家禽家畜才可以吃得饱

[02:24.34]There is a spiderweb 美国已经建立起了

[02:27.18]of roads and train tracks 全国性的铁路和公路网络

[02:28.70]all around the country moving corn 用于把玉米从原产地

[02:31.54]from where it’s being grown to these CAFOs. 运送到这些集约式禽畜饲养场

[02:33.86]CAFO:集约化牲畜养殖经营

[02:42.58]Cows are not designed by evolution to eat corn. 牛原本不是吃玉米的

[02:44.58]They’re designed by evolution to eat grass. 而是吃草的

[02:48.46]And the only reason we feed them corn 我们用玉米喂牛

[02:50.46]is because corn is really cheap 只是因为玉米实在便宜

[02:50.98]and corn makes them fat quickly. 而且可以让牛长得快

[02:55.94]ALLEN TRENKLE:反刍动物营养专家 爱荷华州立大学

[03:04.18]Man: Where are you putting your hand? 你把手伸到哪里?

[03:05.34]I’m actually inside the rumen-- 这是瘤胃

[03:10.02]that first compartment 8 of the stomach. 牛4个胃的第一个

[03:13.54]And it’s-- 这是

[03:15.54]it’s not-- 不对

[03:17.58]it’s kind of hard to see. 不是很容易看得到

[03:19.26]You can see the liquid part here. 你可以看到这些液体

[03:22.42]Man: Wow. 哇

[03:26.78]- Does that hurt the cow? - No. -这会对牛造成伤害吗? -不会的

[03:28.10]There’s microorganisms-- 瘤胃里有微生物

[03:32.46]bacteria in the rumen, millions of ’em. 还有细菌,数量很多

[03:32.62]The animals evolved 牛的胃部构造

[03:37.46]on consuming grass. 是为了消化草而形成的

[03:38.50]There’s some research that indicates 有部分研究表明

[03:40.50]that a high-corn diet results in 玉米为主的饲料,会造成

[03:44.50]E. coli that are acid-resistant. 抗酸的埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌增加

[03:48.02]And these would be the more harmful E. coli. 这些细菌的危害性变得更大

[03:56.22]Pollan: So you feed corn to cattle 因此,用玉米喂牛

[03:58.22]and E. coli, which is a very common bug 9, evolves, 使得这种常见细菌逐渐进化

[04:02.58]a certain mutation 10 occurs 发生某些变异

[04:03.94]and a strain called the "E. coli 0157:h7" 导致"O157-H7型埃舍利希氏大肠杆菌"

[04:08.62]appears on the world stage. 这个新的细菌种群在全球出现

[04:10.94]And it’s a product of the diet we’re feeding cattle on feedlots 这是饲养场用玉米喂牛导致的后果

[04:16.62]and it’s a product of feedlot life. 也是这种经营方式导致的后果

[04:18.98]The animals stand ankle deep 这些家畜整天站在

[04:20.98]in their manure 11 all day long. 深及脚踝的粪便里

[04:24.82]So if one cow has it, 只要一头牛感染了

[04:26.86]the other cows will get it. 其他牛也会感染

[04:31.02]When they get to the slaughterhouse, 当它们被送去屠宰时

[04:33.02]their hides are caked with manure. 粪便粘它们的皮肤上

[04:36.38]And if the slaughterhouse is slaughtering 12 而如果屠宰场每天


  [04:36.90]400 animals an hour, 宰杀400头牛

[04:37.74]how do you keep that manure 又怎么能保证屠宰好的肉上

[04:42.42]from getting onto those carcasses? 不会沾上粪便呢?

[04:44.26]And that’s how the manure gets in the meat. 肉类就是这样被粪便污染

[04:49.10]And now this thing that wasn’t in the world 这些本不该在世上存在的东西

[04:51.10]is in the food system. 就存在于食品供应系统里

[04:57.02]无意识的后果



1 syrup
n.糖浆,糖水
  • I skimmed the foam from the boiling syrup.我撇去了煮沸糖浆上的泡沫。
  • Tinned fruit usually has a lot of syrup with it.罐头水果通常都有许多糖浆。
2 kernel
n.(果实的)核,仁;(问题)的中心,核心
  • The kernel of his problem is lack of money.他的问题的核心是缺钱。
  • The nutshell includes the kernel.果壳裹住果仁。
3 starch
n.淀粉;vt.给...上浆
  • Corn starch is used as a thickener in stews.玉米淀粉在炖煮菜肴中被用作增稠剂。
  • I think there's too much starch in their diet.我看是他们的饮食里淀粉太多了。
4 remarkable
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
5 component
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
  • Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
6 hogs
n.(尤指喂肥供食用的)猪( hog的名词复数 );(供食用的)阉公猪;彻底地做某事;自私的或贪婪的人
  • 'sounds like -- like hogs grunting. “像——像是猪发出的声音。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
  • I hate the way he hogs down his food. 我讨厌他那副狼吞虎咽的吃相。 来自辞典例句
7 salmon
n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
  • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
  • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
8 compartment
n.卧车包房,隔间;分隔的空间
  • We were glad to have the whole compartment to ourselves.真高兴,整个客车隔间由我们独享。
  • The batteries are safely enclosed in a watertight compartment.电池被安全地置于一个防水的隔间里。
9 bug
n.虫子;故障;窃听器;vt.纠缠;装窃听器
  • There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
  • The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。
10 mutation
n.变化,变异,转变
  • People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
  • So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止,严格来讲,讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。
11 manure
n.粪,肥,肥粒;vt.施肥
  • The farmers were distributing manure over the field.农民们正在田间施肥。
  • The farmers used manure to keep up the fertility of their land.农夫们用粪保持其土质的肥沃。
12 slaughtering
v.屠杀,杀戮,屠宰( slaughter的现在分词 )
  • The Revolutionary Tribunal went to work, and a steady slaughtering began. 革命法庭投入工作,持续不断的大屠杀开始了。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
  • \"Isn't it terrific slaughtering pigs? “宰猪的! 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
学英语单词
adaptive behavior inventory
amazonias
apotheosizes
automatic lexical code
backcloths
banjo ukelele
be moved to tears
bipolar affective disorder
Bittou
black and white positive emulsion
blucks
bore rigging
bush beans
chiasmi
childsafe
chlorome
christian x
city banker
coal powder injection
coaxial stub
college english
contact clay treating
d-cystathionine
data analysis and classification
debatability
dedolomitization
dessertspoonful
destruction of turbulence
dip varnish
Dominici's tube
Eagle Peak
Eggesin
Eifelian Age
electronic jacquard interlock knitting machine
elementary wave
episcolecite
Erne, Lough
Eugeniusz
feel hard done by
fresh cracked gas
galactoglycosuria
genuant
genus haematoxylums
gnateaters
gronnd-itch
gross social production value
ground pines
high priced durable consumer goods
hydrothermal genesis
immune-response control
import duty risk
JIDA
Jumilla
laminated yoke
lashwise
line drawing display
liquid-vapor mixture
map plane
megacholedochus
melanostatins
methane carrier
micromaniacal delirium
money verdict
monosymmetry
net pattern
neutron shield plug
Northern Ireland
oil preparedness
on the bubble
order tracking date
orologists
other intangibles
out-of alignment
pale as a ghost
performance fees
pierglasses
positive displacement screw type compressor
precanceled
protour
pyritaceous
quenching form forging heat
rack panel
radzinowicz
raw edges
releyit
retinitis nyctalopia
South Fabius R.
stretcher course
taildragger
tapped hole
temporary custody
test event
traditional chinese realistic painting
troublesome
trypetomima formosina
twiste
tyninghame
unreactable naphthenes
Vicemycetin
wiping current
wish-wash