时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:听电影学英语-食品公司


英语课

  [00:02.70]was to take the veil-- lift the veil away 就是要摘掉这层面纱

[00:05.38]from important subjects that are being hidden. 摘掉掩盖着重要议题的遮羞布

[00:10.38](film projector 1 clicking)

[00:12.58]Schlosser: The whole industrial food system 工业化的食物生产系统

[00:14.58]really began with fast food. 其实起源于快餐

[00:18.10]In the 1930s, 20世纪30年代

[00:21.26]a new form of restaurant arose 一种新型的餐馆兴起

[00:22.26]and it was called the drive-in. 它叫"免下车餐馆"

[00:27.46]The McDonald brothers had a very successful drive-in, 麦当劳兄弟经营这一家非常成功的免下车餐馆

[00:29.98]but they decided 2 to cut costs and simplify. 但是他们决定要节省成本,简化流程

[00:34.82]So they fired all their carhops, 于是他们裁掉了所有侍者

[00:37.82]they got rid of most of the things on the menu 又把菜单尽量简化

[00:38.18]and they created a revolutionary idea 这就是他们在餐厅经营方面

[00:42.50]to how to run a restaurant. 的一个革命性的创新

[00:44.18]They basically brought the factory system 他们基本上把食品工厂

[00:45.38]to the back of the restaurant kitchen. 搬到了餐厅厨房后面

[00:51.06]They trained each worker to just do one thing 他们只训练每个员工做一件事

[00:54.38]again and again and again. 周而复始地做同一件事

[00:58.58]By having workers who only had to do one thing, 因为每个员工只需要做一件事

[01:02.26]they could pay them a low wage 所以他们的工资很低

[01:04.94]and it was very easy to find someone to replace them. 也很容易找到其他人来代替这些员工

[01:09.62]It was inexpensive food, it tasted good 这些食物很便宜,味道也不错

[01:13.30]and this McDonald’s fast food restaurant 从此,麦当劳快餐

[01:14.50]was a huge huge success. 走上了巨大成功之路

[01:19.70]麦当劳兄弟

[01:22.34]That mentality 3 of uniformity, 这种生产无差别

[01:25.50]conformity and cheapness 而又廉价的食物的思路

[01:27.54]applied widely and on a large scale 在各方面被广泛应用

[01:28.38]has all kinds of unintended consequences. 造成了许多意料之外的后果

[01:31.22](mooing)

[01:36.90]When McDonald’s is the largest purchaser 当麦当劳成为了

[01:38.74]of ground beef in the United States 美国最大的碎牛肉买家之后

[01:42.58]and they want their hamburgers 他们希望他们的汉堡

[01:44.58]to taste, everywhere, exactly the same, 无论在哪里买的,吃起来都是一样的味道

[01:45.10]they change how ground beef is produced. 于是他们促成了碎牛肉生产方式的变革

[01:52.30]The McDonald’s corporation 麦当劳公司

[01:54.30]is the largest purchaser of potatoes 是世界上最大的马铃薯买家

[01:57.98]and one of the largest purchasers of pork, 也是下列食品的最大买家之一,包括猪肉

[02:00.66]chicken, tomatoes, lettuce 4, even apples. 鸡肉,西红柿,生菜,甚至苹果

[02:05.02]These big big fast food chains 这些庞大的快餐连锁店

[02:07.54]want big suppliers. 想要大型的供应商

[02:09.54]And now there are essentially 5 a handful of companies 实际上,现在只有几家公司


  [02:12.22]controlling our food system. 控制着我们的食物供应系统

[02:20.74]In the 1970s, the top five beef-packers 在20世纪70年代,最大的5家牛肉供应商

[02:23.74]controlled only about 25% of the market. 只占有25%左右的市场份额

[02:26.62]Today, the top four 到今天,最大的4家

[02:32.10]control more than 80% of the market. 就占据了超过80%的市场份额

[02:34.98]You see the same thing happening now in pork. 同样的事情也发生在猪肉市场

[02:42.14]Even if you don’t eat at a fast food restaurant, 即使你从不在快餐店吃东西

[02:47.02]by this system. 生产的

[02:52.22]You look at the labels 肉类产品上的标签

[02:54.86]and you see Farmer this, Farmer that-- 总是写着农夫张三,农夫李四

[02:56.22]it’s really just three or four companies 但其实只有三四家公司

[03:00.06]that are controlling the meat. 控制着肉类生产

[03:02.42]We’ve never had food companies this big 历史上从来没有过规模这么庞大的食品公司

[03:06.26]and this powerful in our history. 也没有过实力这么强大的食品公司

[03:07.42]Tyson, for example, 举个例子,泰森公司

[03:09.42]is the biggest meat-packing company in the history of the world. 它是世界上有史以来最大的肉类供应商

[03:15.30]The industry changed the entire way that chicken are raised. 食品工业彻底改变了鸡的饲养

[03:19.98]Birds are now raised and slaughtered 6 现在,鸡从开始饲养到宰杀

[03:22.66]in half the time they were 50 years ago, 花的时间只是50年前的一半

[03:23.98]but now they’re twice as big. 不过它们却长到50年前的2倍大

[03:25.02]People like to eat white meat, 人们喜欢吃白肉

[03:29.18]so they redesigned the chicken 于是食品公司通过选育和基因工程

[03:30.02]to have large breasts. 让鸡胸肉长得更大

[03:36.22]- (cheeping) - They not only changed the chicken, 他们不但改变了鸡

[03:39.38]they changed the farmer. 还改变了鸡农

[03:41.22]Today, chicken farmers no longer control their birds. 现在的鸡农不再拥有他们饲养的鸡

[03:43.26](thudding) 像泰森这样的大公司

[03:46.26]A company like Tyson

[03:46.58]owns the birds from the day they’re dropped off 从小鸡孵出来就拥有它们的所有权

[03:51.94]until the day that they’re slaughtered. 直到它们被宰杀的时候

[03:53.94](buzzes)

[03:54.10]Let me go to the top. 让我们从行业顶端开始看

[03:57.30]- Man: This is the Chicken-- - National Chicken Council. -例如鸡肉 -全国养鸡业协会

[03:58.82]The chicken industry has really set a model 养鸡业已经建立了一个榜样 RICHARD LOBB:美国国家养鸡业协会

[04:01.82]for the integration 7 of production, processing 一个把肉类产品的生产,处理

[04:03.82]and marketing 8 of the products 和营销整合起来的榜样

[04:07.18]that other industries are now following 其他行业也在按这个模式运营

[04:08.86]because they see that we have achieved tremendous economies. 因为他们看到了我们获得的巨大经济效益

[04:16.70]In a way, we’re not producing chickens; 从某个角度看来,我们不是在养鸡

[04:18.38]we’re producing food. 我们是在生产食物


  [04:21.22]It’s all highly mechanized. 这个行业已经高度商业化

[04:24.90]So all the birds coming off those farms 所以,所有从农场出来的鸡

[04:25.42]have to be almost exactly the same size. 必须差不多是一样的大小

[04:31.58]What the system of intensive production accomplishes 集约化生产系统的成果

[04:33.62]is to produce a lot of food 就是利用少量土地

[04:39.78]on a small amount of land 生产了大量食物

[04:40.30]at a very affordable 9 price. 而且价格低廉

[04:44.66]Now somebody explain to me what’s wrong with that. 试问有谁会认为这种生产方式不妥呢?

[04:49.98]麦克莱恩县 肯塔基州

[04:58.10]烟草需求下降后 美国南方许多农场主转向鸡只饲养 参见:美国众议院通过烟草管理法案 烟草业遭重创



1 projector
n.投影机,放映机,幻灯机
  • There is a new projector in my office.我的办公室里有一架新的幻灯机。
  • How long will it take to set up the projector?把这个放映机安放好需要多长时间?
2 decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
3 mentality
n.心理,思想,脑力
  • He has many years'experience of the criminal mentality.他研究犯罪心理有多年经验。
  • Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.经营企业所要求具备的心态和上班族的心态截然不同。
4 lettuce
n.莴苣;生菜
  • Get some lettuce and tomatoes so I can make a salad.买些莴苣和西红柿,我好做色拉。
  • The lettuce is crisp and cold.莴苣松脆爽口。
5 essentially
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
6 slaughtered
v.屠杀,杀戮,屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The invading army slaughtered a lot of people. 侵略军杀了许多人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Hundreds of innocent civilians were cruelly slaughtered. 数百名无辜平民遭残杀。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 integration
n.一体化,联合,结合
  • We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
  • This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
8 marketing
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
9 affordable
adj.支付得起的,不太昂贵的
  • The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
  • There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。
学英语单词
acknowledgement by partial performance
aerofloated sulfur
Alternanthera
angelence
angularoscillation
Aulnay-sous-Bois
bed-sittings
bitless
boompipe
brush sweeper
caperberries
centre adjustment
CFV
cold-cathode canalray tube
control path
cringingness
Crnook
cycle ambliguity
cyclopentanespirocyclobutyl
daily back up volume
dangerous when wet
debasingly
Dermatectasy
design instruction
dimidiate hermaphroditism
discriminating dose
distributing centre
Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich
doughnut holes
dramatisers
endothelio-leiomyoma (myosarcoma)
excess-pressure valve
fatal sisters
frameshift suppression
germchit
gonorrheal arthralgia
graphite-moderated
ground-based terminal
guysard
H2O2
heavy weight rubber product
hypoglycosylation
incubatorium
interfusing
internal twisted tape
Jones,Anson
kerions
land-grabbing
leftback
library, board
listening chain
ludek
lujavrite
mansoura
megachile disjunctiformis
Monmouth, James Scott
mudflow levee
multiplicity reactivation
natural aspirated diesel engine
non-insurable
ornithoscopy
Orpheite
oxyphyte
pacific red cedar
papert
para-Aminoazobenzene
passiflorin
pavlick
pendant control
pigmentary purpuric eruption
Princeton Plan
programmable open system
range at maximum speed
recaulking
regiones infrascapularis
residential cell
retting poud
Ricorta cheese
scissor-bites
secondary route
sequence-controlled contacts
single sided double-density diskette
Spencerian
sphere spark-gap
stakeknife
stream gravity
stretch dark region
supernerdy
superplasticization
syntonizers
talk one's head off
targetry
the owner
time complexities
tittish
tree trunks
types of swine
vapo(u)r plating
video projectors
Wadesville
woollybutt
zoologik