音标：[læps] ；柯林斯词典等级：1 级；

n. 过失, 流逝, 失效
vi. 犯错, 堕落, 减退, 消失, 流逝
vt. 使失效

n. a break or intermission in the occurrence of something
v. end, at least for a long time
v. drop to a lower level, as in one's morals or standards
v. let slip

词型变化：名词复数形式 : lapses ; 过去式 : lapsed ; 过去分词 : lapsed ; 现在分词 : lapsing ; 第三人称单数 : lapses
考试类型：[考研/IELTS/GRE]

词性分布：

名词63%

动词37%

lapse的用法和样例：

例句

用作名词(n.)

The man admitted driving over the speed limit and apologized for the lapse.这名男子承认超速行驶,并且为自己的过失道歉。
I started to eat the peas with my hands, but I don't think anyone noticed my little lapse.我开始用手吃豌豆，但我想没有人注意到我的小错误。
The lapse of time is irreversible.时光流逝不可逆转。
The lapse of year will never efface that scene of ruin from my memory.时光的流逝绝不会把那废墟的景象从我的记忆中冲淡。
After a lapse of several years he came back to see us.数年不见之后，他又回来看我们了。
Wives were expected to forgive their husbands' lapses.希望做妻子的原谅丈夫一时行为失检。
Remind me to renew the driver's license.It will lapse next month.提醒我更换驾驶执照，它下个月就失效了。
An offer will lapse or disappear on the happening of certain events.要约在一些特定事项出现时失效。

用作不及物动词(vi.)

The days lapsed away.日子在不知不觉之中过去。
She allowed her membership to lapse after the first year.她听任她的会员资格在第一年后失效
The gun began to lapse into silence.炮声已开始沉寂了。

常见句型

用作名词(n.)

He is usually well-behaved; this rudeness is only a lapse.他一向彬彬有礼，这次的无礼只是一时的失态。
His lapse into drunkenness followed a long run of bad luck.他的酗酒恶习带来了一连串的不幸。
The lapse of year will never efface that scene of ruin from my memory.时光的流逝绝不会把那废墟的景象从我的记忆中冲淡。

用作动词(v.)

用作不及物动词S+～(+A)

He soon lapsed into his previous bad habits.他很快陷入以前的恶习中去。
Her right to the property has lapsed.她的财产权失效了。

词汇搭配

lapse into陷入
lapse rate[气]气温
lapse of time时光的流逝
critical lapse rate临界递减率
time lapse延时的
defensive lapse防守队员一时的疏忽...
adiabatic lapse rate绝热递减率,绝热温度...
environmental lapse rate环境递减率,环境直减...
temperature lapse rate温度下减率,气温递减...
environmental lapse环境演化
fielding lapse防守失误
lapse rate condition负温度梯度条件...
time-lapse photography慢速摄影
time lag时滞
lapse of the pen写错
lapse from virtue堕落
lapse of memory记忆力衰退
with the lapse of time随着时间的推移,逐渐...

经典引文

A lapse of a hundred years is not much in the story of..Florence.
出自：M. O. W. Oliphant
The fountain made itself heard,..marking off the lapse of seconds, the progress of hours.
出自：F. Norris
Rippling waves that lapsed in silver hush Upon the beach.
出自：Dickens

【近义词】

decline下降
fall落下
error错误
blunder大错
tail off变小
slip滑倒
come to an end结束
give up放弃
failure失败
mistake错误
slip-up错误
interval间隔
space空间
break打碎
delay耽搁
pause暂停
sink下沉
slump大幅度下跌
weakness软弱
lull使安静
offense过错
down向下
go去
go down下降，下跌
relapse复发
pass通过
reversion返回
slip by飞掠而过, （时间）悄悄...
retrogress倒退
glide by不知不觉中滑过...
oversight疏忽
go by(时间)过去，逝去，消逝...
recidivate复犯
fall back后退
go along前进
regress倒退
backsliding动词backslide的...
slip away逃走
backslide堕落
lapsing动词lapse的现在进行...
elapse逝去
relapsing动词relapse的现在...
reverting动词revert的现在进...

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