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This marked the end of the Roman Empire of the West and its Latin culture, 这是西罗马的讲拉丁语的帝国的结束， together with the long period that goes all the way back to prehistoric times, which we call antiquity. 所以人们也把这
世界小史
Only two years later, in 453, Attila married a German princess and died on the same night. 此后不久阿提拉便死了，死于453年，死在他与一位日耳曼公主成婚的那一天。 Had the Pope not saved the Roman Empire of the West on t
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They marched as far as Athens, which they sacked. They also marched on Constantinople. 西哥特人向雅典进军并掠夺它，他们兵临君士坦丁堡城下， Finally, under the leadership of their king, Alaric, they turned towards Italy where
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This period is known as the time of the Migrations. 成千上万的人是否被打死，这并不重要，而成千上万的人却随后跟上。这个时期叫民族大迁徙时期。 It was the storm that swept up the Roman empire and whirled it in
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And how do we know that? We sometimes find their bones, deep in the ground. 我们怎么知道的？我们有时在地下深处找到它们的骨骼。 When I was a schoolboy in Vienna I used to visit the Natural History Museum, 当我在维也纳上小
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To restore respect and dignity to the role of emperor, 为了使皇权重新获得威望和受人敬畏， he introduced new rituals and court ceremony, and magnificent, richly embroidered robes for his courtiers and officials. 他实行了一套严格
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After the time of Alexander the Great, however, small wars against small towns ceased to satisfy them and they set about conquering the entire peninsula. 在亚历山大大帝以后的时期，他们不再满足于对小城邦进行小规模战争，他
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To be nearer to their stars, and also to see them better in a misty land, 为了离他们的星星近一点，也为了在这个多雾的地方看星星看得更清楚些， the Babylonians, and the Sumerians before them, erected strange buildings wi
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One such pharaoh was King Cheops, who lived in about 2,500 BC. 就有这样一位名叫齐阿普斯的法老，他生活在于公元前2500年。 He summoned all his subjects to help construct his tomb. 他就曾下令让他所有的臣仆建造他的坟
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Would you like to know how to write using hieroglyphs? 你想知道如何用象形文字书写吗？ In fact, learning this sort of writing must have been incredibly hard, as it's more like constructing a picture puzzle. 事实上，这种书写确实不
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In the Egyptian religion, certain animals were sacred: cats, for example. 在埃及的宗教中，有些动物也是神圣的，譬如猫。 Other gods were represented in animal form. 人们把某些神描绘为动物的形态。 The creature we kno
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In the end, perhaps 6,000 years ago, that is, 4,000 BC, they found a new and more convenient way of making tools: they discovered metals. 最后，约6000年以前，即公元前4000年，他们获得了一种新的更方便的制造工具的方法：他
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Confusion and misery reigned in the years after AD 200. 这是在200年后时期里的一场可怕的大混乱和一场可怕的大灾难。 In the Roman empire there was almost no one to keep order but slaves or foreign troops who couldn't understan
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Although the Gauls continued to fight desperately, for years on end, he attacked them repeatedly, and everywhere he went he left troops in control behind him. 虽然高卢人连续数年进行拼死抵抗，他还是一再战胜他们，他到处都留
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They were treated as goods, bought and sold like cattle. 人们像经营商品那样经营他们，像买卖公牛或山羊那样买卖他们。 Slave owners could do what they liked with their slaves even kill them. 谁买了一个奴隶，谁便是这
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War was their favorite pastime. 作战是他们得心应手的事。 After each victory they returned in triumph to Rome, led by their generals, with all their captives and their loot. 如果他们又一次打了胜仗，他们便在其统帅率领下，
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And yet Marcus Aurelius hated war. 不过马库斯.奥里利厄斯根本不喜欢战争。 He was a gentle, quiet man, a philosopher, who loved nothing better than reading or writing. 他是一个温和、安静的人，最喜欢读书和写书，他也
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They built a wall, known as the Limes, along the length of the frontier from the Rhine to the Danube. 在从莱茵河到多瑙河的边境建造了一道城墙， This wall, made of palisades with watchtowers and ditches, was intended to protect the
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By drawing attention to this seemingly simple, uncorrupted and natural way of life in the freedom of the forest, 以便向他们说明露天树林里的简朴、纯洁、自然的生活方式, the authors of the accounts which have come down to us wa
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They fought with extraordinary determination and courage against the legions who were forced to lay siege to each Jewish town in turn to defeat them. 他们以坚韧不拔的毅力和极大的勇气与罗马军团作战，这些军团不得不长期围
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