词性--形容词
时间：2018-12-13 作者：英语课 分类：初中语法汇总
1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
2、形容词在句子中的位置：
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden 1 wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price 2 sounds reasonable 3.(这个价格听起来算是合理)
⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment 5 clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)
⑷后置的情况：
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious 6 has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：He’s 1.8 metres 7 tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres 8 away from the earth 9.(月球离地38万公里)
3、有关形容词的用法辨析：
⑴ whole 10与all：记住两个词序：① the whole + 名词； ②all (of) the + 名词。如：He was 11 busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)
⑵ tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing 12 on both sides 13 of that avenue 14.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few 15 people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑶ real 16与true 17：real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) / --Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own 18 ears.(那真实吗？ 是的,我亲耳所听)
⑷ interested 19与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself 20.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣)
⑸ such 21用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：I have never seen 22 such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had 23 such a terrible 24 accident 25 that he could 26 never forget it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记)
⑹ good与well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress 27 every day.(好好学习,天天向上) / --How are you?—I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。)
⑺ nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是个漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天气！) /He’s fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错)
⑻ too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太贵了)
⑼ quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火车比公共汽车快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)
⑽lonely 28与alone 29：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)/ He is a lonely person 30. You can not easily 31 get on well with him.(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)
⑾ other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上) / Who else can work out this maths problem 32?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？) / This is nobody 33 else’s money. It’s mine.(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？
⑿ special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays 34 (e)special attention 35 to clothes.(她非常注重着装) / These are special chairs for small children.(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)
⒀ gone、lost、missing 36的区别：gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough 37.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found 38 the lost child at last.(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary 39 is missing.Who’s taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？) / For more detailed 40 information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址).(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站)
⒁ living 41、alive 42、live、lively 43的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。
living读[‘liviN]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,②“一模一样的、逼真的”,③相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；
live读[laiv],指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；
alive读[[‘laiv]作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；
lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的,②(色彩)鲜艳的,③生动的、真实的。
例如：A living language should be learned 45 orally(口头上).(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句) / We have a living hope 46 that you will succeed 47.(我们强烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她还活着吗？) / They are the happiest children alive.(他们是活着的最开心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼) / A live wire(电线) is dangerous.(有电的电线是危险的) / She is as 4 lively as a kitten(小猫).(她像小猫一样可爱) / He gave 48 a lively description 49 of the football match.(他生动地描述了那场足球赛)
⒂ sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱) / Vets 50 help treat 51 sick pets and most of the pets’ owners 52 like them.(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)
⒃ the poor(穷人们) / the rich(富人们)等用法：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)
- The room was full of wooden furniture.房间里摆满了木制家具。
- There's a wooden bridge over the river.河上有一座木桥。
- The goods have gone up in price.这些商品的价格已经上涨。
- They are selling the bikes off the market price.他们按低于市价卖出自行车。
- Many restaurants do a very reasonable set menu at lunchtime.许多餐馆中午都提供价钱合理的客饭。
- I'll buy the car if the price is reasonable.如果价钱公道，我就把这辆车买下。
- He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
- In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
- It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment. 这样既便宜，又有益于保护环境。
- We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。
- The two houses stood 500 metres apart. 两座房子相距500米。
- She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。
- Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。
- The town lies a few kilometres inland. 这个城市位于内陆几公里处。
- It snowed for two whole days.雪下了整整两天。
- The whole village was sleeping.整个村庄一片寂静。
- After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
- They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
- The two sides signed a peace accord last July. 在刚过去的七月，双方签订了和平条约。
- Both sides affirmed their commitment to the ceasefire. 双方均申明答应停火。
- This is a shady avenue.这是条林阴大道。
- He drove slowly.The avenue was crowded with people.他慢慢地开车，因为大街上挤满了人。
- There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
- I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
- You know her real name?你知道她的真正名字？
- The real world does not look that way!现实世界不是这样的！
- He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
- I will come and see if it is true.我要来了解一下，是否真有其事。
- to be interested in wildlife conservation 对野生动物保护感兴趣
- I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣，可他却不罢休。
- I need you to do it yourself.我要你亲自做。
- Late again,Tom?I hope you can explain yourself.汤姆，又迟到了？我希望你能说明理由。
- He is such a man.他是这样一个人。
- He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻，花光了所有的钱。
- Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
- I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
- I think you've made a terrible mistake.我认为你犯了一个严重的错误。
- This is a terrible idea.这是一个可怕的想法。
- He had a traffic accident.他出了交通事故。
- An accident was happened yesterday.昨天发生了一起事故。
- Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
- I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
- Study well and make progress every day.好好学习，天天向上。
- He is very pleased with the progress we are making.他对我们工作的进展很满意。
- The place is a bit lonely.那个地方有点荒凉。
- I don't feel lonely as I've made new friends here. 我在这里又交了新朋友，一点也不寂寞。
- He often makes a round trip to the hospital alone.他经常一个人往返医院。
- It is dangerous for a girl to go out alone at night.一个女孩夜里单独外出是危险的。
- I would never trust in that kind of person.我绝不会相信那种人。
- She is the very person I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。
- Money that is easily come by is often easily spent.钱来得容易往往也花得容易。
- Let's not take the car,we can easily walk over. 我们不用坐车，走着去很方便。
- The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
- This problem is too hard for me to solve.这个问题太难，我解决不了。
- The school pays for heating and the maintenance of the buildings. 学校负担这些大楼的供热和维修费用。
- Death pays all debts and all thoughts are dashed. 一死百了，万念俱灰。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- I hope you will give attention to this problem.希望你对此给予关注。
- Pay attention to your spelling.请注意拼写。
- Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具，看有无丢失。
- All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了，就短他一个。
- The smoke made him cough.烟熏得他咳嗽起来。
- Love and a cough cannot be hidden.恋爱与咳嗽无法掩藏。
- I found him at home.我发现他在家。
- The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
- I have a new dictionary.我有一本新字典。
- This is a very good dictionary.这是一本非常好的词典。
- He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
- A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
- Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
- I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
- The lesson is very lively.这节课很生动。
- He may be eighty,but he is still lively.他可能已有80岁，但是仍然充满朝气。
- Is English a hard language to learn?英语是一种难学的语言吗？
- Language is a wonderful thing.语言是极好的东西。
- He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
- In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。
- We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
- Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
- It was a good try but it didn't succeed.这是一个很好的尝试，但没有成功。
- If he has no children, who will succeed?如果他没有孩子，谁将继位？
- He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱，我给了他一些。
- I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。
- Can you give me a description of the thief?你能给我描述一下那个窃贼的模样吗？
- He gave a description of what he had seen.他描述了他所见到的一切。
- I helped train many young vets and veterinary nurses too. 我还帮助培训了许多年青的兽医和护士。 来自互联网
- In fact, we've expanded mental health counseling and services for our vets. 实际上，我们已经扩大了退伍军人的心理健康咨询和服务。 来自互联网