词性--形容词和副词的比较级
时间：2018-12-13 作者：英语课 分类：初中语法汇总
形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
2、规则变化:
(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。
a)直接加er,est ：
b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：
c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.
3、不规则变化:
原级
比较级
最高级
good好的
better更好的
best最好的
well好；(身体)好的,
bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地
worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的
worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数)
more更多的；更
most最多的；最
much许多的(不可数)；非常
little少的
far远的；远地
further进一步的(地)
furthest最深刻的(地)
4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：
(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather 6…) + 形容词/副词原级 +….
如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran 7 quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)
☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as 3 + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +….
如：He is as excited 8 as his younger 9 sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily 10 rode 11 her bike as slowly 12 as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked 14 as many apples as the farmers (did 15).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+….
如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick 13 so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)
(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：
主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….
如：A modern 16 train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost 17 me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：
主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….
如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important 18 to learn a foreign 19 language 20?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)
(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ….
如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)
4、关于比较等级的重要注释：
1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)
2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)
3、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress 21 is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)
4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would 22 you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)
5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)
6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt 23 in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)
7、“Which / Who+动词+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)
8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如： --Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)/ --Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)
- I read much less now than I did at school.我现在看书远比我上学时少。
- You can't buy the dress with less than 50 yuan.买这件衣服没有50元钱下不来。
- He spends at least a part of his time in reading. 他至少有一部分空闲时间看书。
- The trip will take ten days,at least.这趟旅行顶少得10天时间。
- He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
- In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
- I can throw the ball farther than you can.这个球我能比你扔得远。
- The farther hill is five kilometres away.那座更远的小山在五公里以外。
- The town is five miles away at the farthest.那个镇至多不过五英里。
- Of all the students,I ran farthest.在所有学生中，我跑得最远。
- I would rather go out tonight,if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的话，我宁愿今晚出去。
- This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个孩子来说太简单。
- He ran,and then slowed down to a walk.他跑着，然后放慢速度步行。
- As soon as Marie opened the door,the dog ran in.当玛丽一打开门，狗就跑了进来。
- He was so excited that he could not speak.他太兴奋，连话都说不出来了。
- The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party.孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了。
- My younger brother hides behind the door. 我弟弟躲在门后。
- She is older than me but my other sisters are younger. 她比我大，其余都是我妹妹。
- He rode a motorcycle to the station.他骑摩托车去车站。
- Today I rode across the city.今天我骑自行车穿越了整个城市。
- Please don't pick the flowers.请勿攀折花木。
- We are going to pick apples.我们要去摘苹果。
- I picked up a few good bargains in the sale. 我在减价期间买了几样挺不错的便宜货。
- She picked herself up, brushed herself down, and started walking again. 她爬起来，掸掸身上的灰尘，又往前走去。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球？
- Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢？
- England is the birthplace of the modern novel.英国是近代小说发源地。
- She's a modern girl.她是一个摩登女郎。
- What does the book cost?这本书值多少？
- He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
- It's important to find out what he is doing.弄清他在干什么是重要的。
- This is a very important problem.这个问题很重要。
- Are you interested in foreign languages? 你对外语感兴趣吗？
- To welcome our foreign friends. 欢迎我们的外国朋友。
- Is English a hard language to learn?英语是一种难学的语言吗？
- Language is a wonderful thing.语言是极好的东西。
- Study well and make progress every day.好好学习，天天向上。
- He is very pleased with the progress we are making.他对我们工作的进展很满意。