时间:2018-12-13 作者:英语课 分类:初中语法汇总


英语课

谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答"做(什么)"。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)



是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”,在主语后接宾语,又称受词,是一个动作的接受者。

(1)“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:


  He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) / 


(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词+时态助动词](现在完成时)+语态助动词](如被动语态)+主要动词(不一定全部出现)(动词的时态) 记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:


  I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t  have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)


(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。


记住使用下列正确形式:


态动词+形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课。)


shall/ will/ would+形动词。如:They should have been there once.(他们应该去过那儿。)


be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)---表示一般将来时/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。)


have+过去分词。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)


⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+形动词。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)


⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,Merry Christmas!(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。)


(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词


(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。







谓语部分第一个动词的形式




单数形式




复数形式






一般现在时be()动词;


现在某些时态和语态的助动词be




am (单一);   are (单二);    is (单三);




are






一般过去时be()动词;


过去某些时态和语态的助动词be




was (单一);  were (单二); was;(单三)




were






一般现在时have()动词;


现在完成时态的助动词have




have (单一);  have (单二); has (单三);




have






一般现在时行为动词和助动词do




do (单一、单二); does (单三)




do






实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词(否定和疑问句除外)




原形动词(单一、单二);     动词+s /es (单三)




原形动词






其他各时态语态的谓语动词




单复数形式相同







记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。(参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)


(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的。)



 





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