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171. Tender Laws. 171．清偿法 The people then clamored for tender laws. 随后，人民吵嚷着要成立清偿法， These were laws which would make it lawful for them to tender, or offer, paper money in exchange for flour or other things. 这些
美国学生历史
225. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798~99. 225．弗吉尼亚州和肯塔基州的决议（1798~1799年） In the exciting years before the Revolutionary War the colonial legislatures had passed many resolutions condemning the acts of the Briti
美国学生历史
220. The X.Y.Z. Affair, 1797~98. 220．X.Y.Z事件（1797~1798年） Adams at once summoned Congress and addressed the members in stirring words. 亚当斯立刻召集国会，他的讲话言辞激烈。 He denied that the Americans were a degraded p
美国学生历史
214. Jay's Treaty, 1794. 214．杰伊的协定（1794年） Ever since 1783 there had been trouble with the British. 自从1783年以来，美国与英国之间一直麻烦不断， They had not surrendered the posts on the Great Lakes, as the treaty
美国学生历史
213. The Whiskey Insurrection, 1794. 213．威士忌叛乱（1794年） The increasing expenses of the government made new taxes necessary. 日益增长的政府开支使得有必要增加新的税种， Among the new taxes was an internal revenue ta
美国学生历史
208. The Republicans. 208．共和党人 Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Albert Gallatin, and their friends entirely disagreed with the Federalists on all of these points. They called themselves Republicans. 托马斯o杰佛逊、詹姆斯o麦迪逊、
美国学生历史
200. The First Census, 1791. 200．第一次人口普查（1791年） The Constitution provided that representatives should be distributed among the states according to population as modified by the federal ratio. 宪法规定各州根据联邦比例修
美国学生历史
190. The First Ten Amendments. 190．前十条例正案 These defects seemed to be so grave that patriots like Patrick Henry, R.H. Lee, Samuel Adams, and John Hancock could not bring themselves to vote for its adoption. 这些缺陷看起来非常严重
美国学生历史
186. Franklin's Prophecy. 186．富兰克林的预言 It was with a feeling of real relief that the delegates finally came to the end of their labors. 代表们带着真正的解脱感完成了他们的工作， As they were putting their names to th
美国学生历史
239. The Judiciary Act of 1801. 239．《司法法案》（1801年） One of the last laws made by the Federalists was the Judiciary Act of 1801. 联邦党人最后制定的那些法律中有一个是1801年的《司法法案》， This law greatly e
美国学生历史
245. The Twelfth Amendment, 1804. 245．1804年宪法第十二条修正案 Four presidential elections had now been held under the method provided by the Constitution. 此时，根据宪法提供的方法已经举行了四次总统选举， And that
美国学生历史
241. Louisiana again a French Colony. 241．路易斯安那再次成为法国殖民地 Spanish territory now bounded the United States on the south and the west. 此时，美国的南部和西部都是西班牙的领土。 The Spaniards were not good
美国学生历史
280. The Florida Treaty, 1819. 280．《佛罗里达条约》（1819年） While this contest was going on, the United States bought of Spain a large tract of land admirably suited to negro slavery. 在这场争议进行的同时，美国从西班牙买
美国学生历史
289. Misfortunes of Adams's Administration. 289．亚当斯中央政府的不幸 Adams's first mistake was the appointment of Clay as Secretary of State. 亚当斯的第一个错误是任命克雷为国务卿， It was a mistake, because it gave the
美国学生历史
and (4) the United States would regard the interference of the Holy Alliance in American affairs as an unfriendly act. （4）美国认为神圣同盟干预美洲事务是不友好的行为。 This part of the message was written by Adams. 这一部分
美国学生历史
Chapter 32 第32章 The Mexican War 墨西哥战争 329. The Republic of Texas. 329．得克萨斯共和国 The Mexicans won their independence from Spain in 1821 and founded the Mexican Republic. 墨西哥人1821年脱离西班牙而独立，他们建
美国学生历史
Chapter 31 第31章 Beginning of the antislavery agitation 反奴隶制运动的开始 323. Growth of Slavery in the South. 323．奴隶制在南方的发展 South of Pennsylvania and of the Ohio River slavery had increased greatly since 1787. 自178
美国学生历史
The success of wheat growing depended upon the ability quickly to harvest the crop. 小麦种植的成功依赖于人们迅速收割小麦的能力。 Wheat must be allowed to stand until it is fully ripened. 小麦在成熟之前不能倒伏， Then
美国学生历史
Moreover, the key at the farther end of the line could be so arranged as to make an impression on a piece of paper that was slowly drawn under it by clockwork. 而且，在这根导线更远一端的键可用于在一张纸上留下压痕，这个压痕
美国学生历史
315. The Independent Treasury System. 315．独立国库制度 What should be done with the government's money? 怎样处置政府的钱？ No one could think of depositing it with the state banks. 没有人再想把它存入州立银行， Clay and
美国学生历史