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Their towers however still stand amidst the ruins of Mesopotamia. 只有他们建造的高塔依然屹立在美索不达米亚的废墟之中。 The Jews saw them when they went into exile in the land of Babylon 犹太人在流浪途中经过巴比伦时
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After many years of suffering they were saved from their miserable fate by a young Jew, called Moses, who for a long time had dwelt in the desert and there had learned to appreciate the simple virtues of his earliest ancestors, who had kept away from
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They in turn were vanquished by the followers of the great desert God, Ashur, who called themselves Assyrians 没过多久，他们被同样信仰沙漠大神阿舒尔的亚述人所征服。亚述人以首都尼尼微为中心， and who made the ci
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Chapter 10 第十章 The Phoenicians 腓尼基人 The Phoenicians who gave us our alphabet 腓尼基人为我们创造了字母 The Phoenicians, who were the neighbours of the Jews, were a Semitic tribe which at a very early age had settled along the
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Nevertheless they have rendered all coming generations one service of the greatest possible value. They gave us our alphabet. 不过，他们给后人留下了一笔极有价值的遗产-一他们创造了字母。 The Phoenicians had been familiar w
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Others had preferred to stay among the hills of western Asia and there they had founded the half-independent communities of the Medes and the Persians, two peoples whose names we have copied from the old Greek history-books. In the seventh century be
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They performed these miracles in little villages that covered less ground than four or five modern city blocks. 令人惊叹的是，他们创造了奇迹的场所，尽管是些相当于现代城市四、五个街区大小的小村庄。 And look, w
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Chapter 15 第十五章 Greek self-government 古希腊的自治制度 The Greeks were the first people to try the difficult experiment of self-government 古希腊人是历史上最早进行自治实验的民族 IN the beginning, all the Greeks had
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The cellars underneath this palace, where the wine and the grain and the olive-oil were stored, had been so vast and had so greatly impressed the first Greek visitors, that they had given rise to the story of the labyrinth, the name which we give to
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The slaves did all the cooking and baking and candlestick making of the entire city. They were the tailors and the carpenters and the jewelers and the school-teachers and the bookkeepers and they tended the store and looked after the factory while th
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For the Greeks, who loved moderation in all things, did not like to treat their slaves after the fashion which afterward was so common in Rome, where a slave had as few rights as an engine in a modern factory and could be thrown to the wild animals u
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This individual was allowed to step out of line. He waved his arms and gesticulated while he spoke (that is to say he acted while the others merely stood by and sang) and he asked a lot of questions, which the bandmaster answered according to the rol
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They asked a man by the name of Draco to provide them with a set of laws that would protect the poor against the aggressions of the rich. Draco set to work. Unfortunately he was a professional lawyer and very much out of touch with ordinary life. In
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Chapter 20 第二十章 Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 Alexander the Macedonian establishes a Geek world-empire, and what became of this high ambition 马其顿的亚历山大大帝建立了一个希腊式的世界帝国，他的雄心壮志究
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Carthage could not possibly tolerate such competition. The young rival must be destroyed lest the Carthaginian rulers lose their prestige as the absolute rulers of the western Mediterranean. The rumors were duly investigated and in a general way thes
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Rome began as a thousand American cities have done, by being a convenient place for barter and horse-trading. It lay in the heart of the plains of central Italy The Tiber provided direct access to the sea. The land-road from north to south found here
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The Roman Gods were State Functionaries. Each one managed his own department with great prudence and a deep sense of justice, but in turn he was exact in demanding the obedience of his worshippers. This obedience the Romans rendered with scrupulous c
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After seven months, hunger forced them to withdraw. The policy of Rome to treat the foreigneron equal terms had proved a great success and Rome stood stronger than ever before. 在苦苦支撑7个月后，饥饿和身陷异乡的恐慌感在高卢军队
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The war which followed (the so-called first Punic War) lasted twentyfour years. It was fought out on the high seas and in the beginning it seemed that the experienced Carthaginian navy would defeat the newly created Roman fleet. Following their ancie
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They wanted action. Something must be done and must be done quickly. A popular hero by the name of Varro, the sort of man who went about the city telling everybody how much better he could do things than slow old Fabius, the Delayer, was made command
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