TED演讲:我们的工作将被机器取代 但也有例外(2)

In 2012, Kaggle challenged its community to build an algorithm that could grade high-school essays. 2012年，Kaggle给当地学校出了个难题，设计一个算法来评判高中作文。 The winning algorithms were able to match the grades given

TED演讲:我们的工作将被机器取代 但也有例外(3)

Now, this is a particularly remarkable example of creativity. 这是个非常杰出的创新例子。 But this sort of cross-pollination happens for each of us in small ways thousands of times per day. 但这种跨界转型每天正以难以察觉的方

TED演讲:怎样让企业持续运行100年(1)

Imagine that you are a product designer. 把自己想象成一个产品设计师。 And you've designed a product, a new type of product, called the human immune system. 你设计了一种产品，一种叫做人体免疫机制的新产品 You're pit

TED演讲:怎样让企业持续运行100年(2)

I can see I'm losing you, Bob, but stay with me, because here is the really killer feature. 我知道你开始听不懂了，鲍勃，但请听我说完，因为现在才是产品的杀手锏 The product is completely adaptive. 这种产品具有极强

TED演讲:怎样让企业持续运行100年(3)

If we went with Bob's philosophy, I think we'd actually end up with a more efficient immune system. 如果我们同意鲍勃的观点，我们实际上肯定了一种更为高效的免疫系统 And efficiency is always important in the short term. 而且

TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(9)

Mother trees colonize their kin with bigger mycorrhizal networks. 母树通过更大的菌根网络来覆盖住自己孩子们所在的区域。 They send them more carbon below ground. 在地下，它们给孩子们会送去更多的碳。 They even

TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(10)

You see, you can take out one or two hub trees, 你们看，我们可以拿走一两颗中心树， but there comes a tipping point, 但这样就会达到森林承受极限了， because hub trees are not unlike rivets in an airplane. 因为森林里的

TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(8)

You see, like all networks, mycorrhizal networks have nodes and links. 你们看，就像所有的网络一样，真菌的网络中也有节点和链接。 We made this map by examining the short sequences of DNA of every tree and every fungal indivi

TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(7)

For me, I've conducted and published hundreds of experiments in the forest. 对我来说，我在森林中已经进行和发表过上百次的实验了。 Some of my oldest experimental plantations are now over 30 years old. 有一些我最早进行实

TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(6)

And then in later experiments, we found the opposite, 而在随后的实验中，我们发现了相反的情况， that fir was sending more carbon to birch than birch was sending to fir, 花旗松给纸皮桦送的碳比纸皮桦给它的碳多， a

TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(5)

After the hour was up, I rolled down my window, and I checked for mama grizzly. 一小时的时间到了之后，我摇下了车窗，看看灰熊妈妈还在不在。 Oh good, she's over there eating her huckleberries. 哦太棒了，她在挺远的地

TED演讲:树木之间如何交流(4)

The first day of the experiment, we got out to our plot 实验的第一天，我们来到了实验地点， and a grizzly bear and her cub chased us off. 突然一头灰熊和她的熊宝宝出现，把我们赶跑了。 And I had no bear spray. But

TED演讲:疯狂的科学家用苹果做出了耳朵(4)

What I'm really curious about is if one day, it will be possible to repair, rebuild and augment our own bodies with stuff we make in the kitchen. 我真正好奇的是会不会有一天，人们有可能修复、改造、强化我们自己的身体，用

TED演讲:疯狂的科学家用苹果做出了耳朵(5)

So listen, all of the work I've shown you, the stuff that I've built that's all around me on this stage 听我说，我向你们展示的所有工作，我身边所有这些自己造出来的东西， and the other projects my lab is involved in are

TED演讲:我们的大脑是如何交流的?

Imagine that you invented a device that can record my memories, my dreams, my ideas, and transmit them to your brain. 想象你发明了一种设备能记录我的记忆、我的梦想、我的想法，并且传到你的大脑。 That would be a game

TED演讲:我们的大脑是如何交流的?(2)

So I'm banging out my story and I know it's good, 我要大声地说出我的故事，我知道很好笑 and then I start to make it better - by adding an element of embellishment. 为了让故事更生动我会加点油、添点醋， Reporters call

TED演讲:我们的大脑是如何交流的?(3)

So I'm banging out my story and I know it's good, and then I start to make it -- 我大声说出我的故事，我知道很好笑，为了让故事... Suddenly, you can see that the responses in all of the subjects lock to the story, 突然间，所有

TED演讲:我们的大脑是如何交流的?(4)

So to test it, we did the following experiment. First, we took the story and played it backwards. 我们用以下的实验来测试。我们先将故事倒过来播放， And that preserved many of the original auditory features, but removed the mean

TED演讲:我们的大脑是如何交流的?(5)

And we believe that these responses in higher-order areas are induced or become similar across listeners 我们认为，听众这些相似的大脑高层次区块反应， because of the meaning conveyed by the speaker, and not by words or sound. 是由

TED演讲:我们的大脑是如何交流的?(7)

Now, let's take all this information together and ask: 现在，综合以上所有信息，我们要问一个问题： How can we use it to transmit a memory that I have from my brain to your brains? 我们该如何利用它，把我大脑中的记忆传