单词：by
音标：[bai] ；
柯林斯词典等级：5 级；
牛津三千核心词汇；
prep. 被, 经, 由, 在...之旁
adv. 经过, 在近处
adv. 经过, 在近处
r. so as to pass a given point
考试类型：[中考/高考]
词性分布：
by的用法和样例：
例句
用作介词(prep.)
- The house by the lake is a restaurant.湖边的那座房子是家饭店。
- He entered by the back door.他从后门进入。
- The project was viewed favorably by the committee.那计划受到该委员会的好评。
- He let himself down slowly by means of a rope.他用一条绳子滑下来。
用作副词(adv.)
- He hurried by and disappeared in the wood.他匆匆走过去，消失在森林里。
- I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round.我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。
- He lives near by.他住在附近。
常见句型
用作介词(prep.)
- On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
- He keeps a dictionary by him when he's reading.他读书时,手边总放着一本词典。
- Be here by four o'clock.四点钟之前到这儿。
- She should be back by now.她现在应该回来了。
- If they have a journey to make, most people prefer to go by day.如果要旅行,大多数人喜欢在白天进行。
- They came in by the back door.他们是由后门进来的。
- Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去?
- You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。
- The money will be paid by cheque.此款将由支票支付。
- He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。
- Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。
- They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。
- They decided to raise the money by subscription.他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。
- By temperament he was an artist.从气质上看,他是一位画家。
- They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
- By God he's done it!老天为证,他确实做了此事。
- I did it all by myself!我完全是靠自己做此事的。
- The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行。
- The steamer will go west by north.这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。
- They were playing cards by electric light.他们正借着灯光打牌。
- I go by the house every day.我每天都要从这栋房子经过。
- We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了比赛。
- He deals ill by his wife.他待妻子不好。
- It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.以貌取人是不公正的。
- Its grant is to be cut by more than 40 percent.其补助将削减40％以上。
- Most workmen are paid by the week.大多数工人按周付给薪水。
- The lounge is twenty feet by fourteen.这间起居室长20英尺,宽14英尺。
- Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.他日复一日地投入那项工作,直到完成为止。
- He was brought up by an aunt.他是由婶婶抚育成人的。
- Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.它的上方挂着一幅贝丽尔创作的油画。
- We should help our brother communities by all means in our power.我们应该尽力帮助兄弟社团。
- Oh by the way, have you heard from Bill lately?哦,顺便问一下,你最近得到比尔的消息了吗?
用作副词(adv.)
- She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。
- Come by for a drink after work.下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。
- She stole the book when no one was by.她趁旁边无人时把书偷走了。
常用短语
用作介词(prep.)
by accident- 偶然地 without any intention or planning
- 一定,务必must
- 用类推方法by a process of reasoning between parallel cases
- 根据…类推deducing (sth) according to sth
- 或许; 可能 perhaps; possibly
- 偶然地,意外地 by accident; accidentally; unintentionally
- 公认 generally acknowledge
- 比较起来when compared
- 参见contrast条。
- 蒙…的好意,蒙…提供 by the permission or generosity of sb
- 一点一点地,逐渐地 gradually
- …得多,更,尤其 by a great amount
- 用手;亲自 using one's hand; in person
- 凭记性 by memory
- 独自地; 无需外力地alone; without help
- 非常迅速,突飞猛进very quickly and successfully
- 参见mean条。
- 错误地 as a result of carelessness, forgetfulness, etc.; in error
- 参见mean条。
- 由于because of
- 要是公正的话,公正地 if justice were done; in justice
- 按规则，依照惯例according to the rules
- 顺便提一句by the way
- 由于同样原因，同样地in the same way
- 顺便地,附带说说 used to introduce a comment or question that is only indirectly related, if at all, to the main subject of conversation
- 反复试验，不断摸索by trying various solutions and learning from one's failure
- 轮流地; 交替地 one after the other; in rotation
- 凭借，依靠，因为，由于by means of or because of sth
- 意在,为了 with the intention of or for the purpose ofBy way of introduction to my subject,I'd like to tell you how I first came to be interested in it.为了引入我的话题,我想告诉你我起初是怎样对这个问题感兴趣的。
用作副词(adv.)
by and by- 不久,马上 before long; soon
- 总的来说 on the whole;in general
词汇搭配
用作介词 (prep.)
动词+～- abide by遵守，履行
- adopt by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过
- brush by触到，擦及
- carry by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过
- catch sb by surprise使某人吃惊，使惊异，使感到意外
- characterize by以…为特征
- clap sb by the heels给某人上镣铐；把某人逮捕入狱
- come by（尤指通过努力）得到，获得；偶然得到
- deal by对待
- die by one's own hand自杀
- divide by除
- do by待，对待
- do by halves做…半途而废
- do right by sb公平地对待某人，给某人应有的评价
- drop by the wayside半途而废，中途退出
- escape by the skin of one's teeth死里逃生
- fall by the wayside半途而废，中途退出
- fall together by the ears扭打起来；争吵起来
- get by通过障碍
- get sb by the short hairs控制住某人，使某人就范
- get the wrong sow by the ear弄错了人（或事），得出错误结论
- go by从…经过
- go by default没有，缺乏；因疏忽（或未该做的事）而致丧失
- go by the board从外侧落出；被遗忘，被忽视；落空
- go by the book遵照规章行事
- go by the name of用…的名字
- go by the wayside被撇在一边，被搁置，被抛弃
- grab time by the forelock抓住时机
- hang by a hair千钧一发；岌岌可危；摇摇欲坠
- hang by a thread千钧一发，岌岌可危
- hang by the wall被搁置不用，被打入冷宫
- hang (on) by the eyelids千钧一发
- have a bear by the tail遇到难以应付（或控制）的事情
- have a tiger by the tail遇到劲敌；处境比预料的困难
- have a wolf by the ears处于危急境地
- have sb by the short hairs控制住某人，使某人就范
- hold by坚持；遵守；接受；赞成
- intoxicate sb by醉；陶醉于
- judge by按…判断，断定，认为
- know by sight与…只是面熟（并不熟识）
- lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走；完全控制某人
- lie by躺在…旁边
- live by one's wits靠耍花招（或耍小聪明）骗人过日子
- lay by放在…旁边
- lay sb by the heels把某人逮捕下狱；推翻某人；挫败某人
- live by以…为生计；遵守，遵循
- lose by因…遭受损失，因…而吃亏
- mean well by sb对某人怀有好意
- measure another's corn by one's own bushel以己度人
- measure another's (man's) foot by one's own last以己度人
- miss by a mile远远没有击中，完全离谱；遭到惨败，完全不成功
- oblige sb by为某人效劳，帮忙
- pass by经过，从…旁走过
- play it by ear根据情形行动，即时应付
- profit by得益
- pull up by the roots连根拔起
- push by赶上；超越
- repay...by以…酬报，回报
- replace...by以…替代〔置换〕
- seize time by the forelock抓住时机
- set by尊重，重视
- set by the ears使争吵
- set sb by the heels给某人上镣铐；把某人逮捕入狱
- sit by坐在…旁边
- sit by nelly跟别人学着做
- sth to remember sb by供别人记住某人的东西，别人赖以记住某人的东西；让某人记住某人厉害的一顿揍
- speak by the card说话精确
- stand by支持或帮助；信守（诺言等）
- stand by one's side站在某人的旁边，道义上支持某人
- stick by忠于，对…真心；坚持，维护（原则等）
- swear by极其信赖；凭…发誓，以…名义发誓
- take an occasion by the forelock抓住时机
- take an opportunity by the forelock抓住时机
- take by抓住（某物或某人的部位）
- take...by storm攻占，袭击；使倾倒，使神魂颠倒
- take by surprise使吃惊，使感到意外；奇袭，使措手不及
- take sb by the short hairs控制住某人，使某人就范
- take the bull by the horns大胆地对付困难（或危险）
- take time by the forelock抓住时机
- tell by根据…判断〔推断〕
- vote by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过
- what do you mean by...?你说（或做…）是什么意思？你怎么胆敢…？你凭什么竟敢…
- ？
- win by a short head（赛马时）仅以一个马头的距离获胜，以极小的差别获胜，险胜
- do the handsome〔decent〕 thing by宽厚地〔亲切地，慷慨地〕对待
- set one's eyes〔an eye〕 by喜爱，看重
- as if by magic立即，飞快地，快得（或好得）令人难以置信的
- by a canvas以毫厘之差
- by a hair's breadth（以）极少的数量或极短的距离；险些，间不容发地
- by a long way远远地，大大地
- by a neck（赛马中）以一颈之差（获胜或失利）
- by a nose以少许之差
- by a short head（赛马）以不到一个马头的距离；以极少的量
- by a street以悬殊（或差距），大幅度地
- by accident偶然，意外地
- by accident of凭机遇；靠命运
- by agency of由于…；通过…
- by air坐飞机
- by （all或long）odds大大（胜过），远远（超过）
- by all accounts据说；根据报道
- by all appearances显然；外表上
- by all manner of means用一切手段；好的；当然
- by all means用一切手段；好的；当然
- by an eyelash差点儿不，几乎不
- by analogy用类推的方法
- by any chance或许；可能
- by any means用任何可能的办法，不惜任何代价，无论如何
- by any manner of means用任何可能的办法，不惜任何代价，无论如何
- by any possibility以任何可能的方法
- by any stretch of the imagination尽管怎样想象，任凭如何异想天开
- by avocation副业是
- by auction拍卖
- by appointment约定
- by birth出身
- by blood按血统
- by chance偶然
- by choice如果必须选择的话；凭爱好
- by coincidence巧合
- by common consent经一致同意
- by comparison (with)与…比较起来；通过比较
- by contract承包
- by contraries与预期的相反；与逻辑相违背；相反地
- by contrast相比之下
- by course of按…的惯例
- by courtesy of承蒙许可；承蒙好意
- by crack哎呀，我的天哪
- by day白天
- by default因对方、他队等未出场
- by definition根据定义；实质上
- by degrees逐渐地
- by dint of借…的力量，凭借；由于
- by ear凭听觉
- by easy stages途中有停歇地，行行歇歇地，从容不迫地
- by fair means or foul用正当或不正当的手段，不择手段地
- by fits (and starts)一阵一阵地；间歇地
- by force用武力
- by force of凭借，由于；以…手段
- by good luck侥幸
- by goods用货车装运
- by guess凭猜测
- by guess and by God凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
- by guess and by Godfrey凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
- by guess and by gosh凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
- by guess and by golly凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
- by half到极大程度，大大地
- by halves部分地，不完善地；半心半意地，不太热心地
- by hand人工的；捎来的
- by heart熟记
- by heaven哎呀，天哪
- by hook or by crook用种种方法；不择手段地
- by ill luck不巧
- by implication含蓄地；暗示地
- by inches差一点儿
- by instinct凭本能
- by leaps and bounds极其迅速地
- by lease以租借方式
- by long chalk(s)远远地，大大地，在很大程度上
- by main strength以全力，靠全身力气
- by marriage通过姻亲关系
- by means of用…
- by mistake弄错
- by my faith我担保，千真万确
- by my troth我保证
- by name名为；名叫
- by nature天生
- by necessity of circumstances由于客观情况需要，为情势所迫
- by night在夜里，趁黑夜
- by no manner of means一点也不；决不
- by no means一点也不；决不
- not by a long chalk完全没有，一点也不
- not by a long shot远不，根本不
- not by a long sight远非；一点也不
- by number按数字，根据号码
- by numbers按数量上的优势
- by occasion of因为，由于
- by one's own admission自己所承认
- by one's own fair hand亲手，亲自
- by one's (own) bootstrap依靠自己的力量，自力更生地
- by one's (own) lights按照自己的能力
- by order of奉某人之命；按某人的命令
- by origin按出身
- by post邮寄
- by profession职业是
- by rail由铁路，用火车
- by reason of由于，因为
- by reason that因为，由于
- by reputation由名声
- by repute由名声
- by request (of)就（…的）要求（或请求）
- by retail零售
- by return由最近一班回程邮递
- by return of post由最近一班回程邮递
- by return of mail由最近一班回程邮递
- by right of因为，由于
- by rights按理说；基于正当或合法的权利
- by road由公路
- by rote凭记忆
- by rule按规则
- by rule and line精确地，精密地
- by sea由海路
- by sight仅识其面
- by some means or other用某种方法
- by the book严格按规则
- by the by顺便提一句
- by the bye顺便提一句
- by the day按日
- by the dozen按打；成打的（地）
- by the ears不和，在争吵中
- by (the) favour of烦请…面交
- by the grace of承蒙天恩
- by the gross大宗地，大量地；以批发方式
- by the hands of经由的…的手
- by the head船头吃水比船尾深的；微醉
- by the holy poke一定
- by the light of nature天生的；自然而然地
- by the job按每件工作
- by the look(s) of照…看来
- by the name of称作；叫做
- by the numbers按口令
- by the piece按件（或个等）计算
- by the same token同样地；同理
- by the sea在海边，在海滨
- by the seat of one's pants凭感觉，凭本能，凭经验
- by the side of在…旁边，在…附近
- by the skin of one's teeth仅；刚刚
- by the square精确地，确切地
- by the stern艉部吃水较深地，后倾地
- by the sweat of one's brow靠自己辛勤劳动
- by the sweat of one's face靠自己辛勤劳动
- by the way在路上,顺便问一下
- by the yard冗长地，没完没了地
- by thumb以免费搭车方式
- by trade职业是
- by trial and error反复试验，不断摸索
- by turns轮流
- by virtue of凭借
- by vocation职业是
- by water乘船，由水路
- by way of经由
- by weight按重量，根据重量
- by wholesale批发
- by wire用电报
- by word of mouth口头上
- by your leave请允许我；对不起
- not by any means决不
- not by any manner of means决不
- too...by half太…，过于…
- bit by bit一点一点地
- day by day一天一天地；逐日
- drop by drop点点滴滴地，一点一滴地
- inch by inch慢慢的；逐步地；一点一点地
- side by side肩并肩地，一起；等同于
- stage by stage逐步地，循序渐进地
- step by step逐步
- stone by stone一点一滴地
- year by year年复一年
- hard by在…近旁
- by far…得多；最…；显然
- by much大大地，到极大程度
- by now到现在
- little by little一点一滴地
- by itself自动地；孤单地
- by myself我独自地；我独立地
- by oneself单独；独自
- by ourselves我们独自地；我们独立地
- by yourself你单独地，独自地；你独立地，全靠你自己
- by ones and twos一次一两个，三三两两地
- by the hundred成百地，数以百计地，大批大批地
- by (the) hundreds成百地，数以百计地，大批大批地
- by the thousand成千地，数以千计地，大批大批地
- by (the) thousands成千地，数以千计地，大批大批地
- by twos and threes三三两两地
- one by one一个一个地
- two by two两个两个地
用作副词 (adv.)
动词+～- call by顺便访问
- come by进来
- drop by顺便访问
- get by通过；还可以，勉强可接受；设法勉强生存
- go by经过
- put...by存（钱等）以备未来之需
- roll by（时间）流逝
- scrape by勉强及格，勉强度过去
- stand by袖手旁观；准备行动；在场，在附近
- stop by（顺便）过访，串门
- tick by(时间)流逝；（钟表）滴滴答答响
经典引文
He taried..at Joppa by one Simon.
出自：Bible (Coverdale): ActsDown by the Docks they 'board seamen' at the eating houses.
出自：DickensA cat sits on the pavement by the house.
出自：R. Jarrell