During the 1400s, Florence was the most important, most exciting city in all the world. It was one of five city-states in what is now Italy. Being a city-state meant Florence had its own government. It was called the Signoria. But for many years the

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On April 15, 1452, in a tiny hill town in Italy, a baby boy was born. His father was a well-to-do businessman, Ser Piero. His mother, Caterina, was a poor young peasant girl. We dont even know her last name. Their baby was named Leonardo. Because the

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King Tut was lucky. Until Howard Carter entered his burial chamber, his mummy had never been disturbed. For more than three thousand years, no one had laid eyes on it. In the Burial Chamber, the first thing Carter saw was a gigantic gold cabinet. Ins

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When the stone door was opened, what lay beyond was a path full of rocks and pebbles. At the end was another door. Howard Carter knocked a hole in it. When he looked through, he held up a flickering candle in the darkness. What did he see? Here is ho

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When Tut was born, around 1343 B.C., Egypt was already a very old country. Almost two thousand years old, in fact. The Egyptian empire lay on the coast of Northern Africa, facing the Mediterranean Sea. It was a land of desert and bare hills, where th

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Still, growing up in ancient Egypt was full of pleasures. Especially if somebody belonged to the royal famly. Tut was born a prince. He spent his childhood in a brand-new palace in Amarna. Egyptian palaces were huge. All over the palace grounds were

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Food and furniture, clothes and jewelry. They would all be used and enjoyed in the afterlife. But the most important thing a person needed after death was his or her own body. The belief was that the persons spirit returned again and again to its bod

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On the day of Tuts burial, a long line of people followed his coffin in boats across the Nile. Once on land, the coffin (actually, there were three, like nesting dolls) was pulled on a sled. It was going to a royal graveyard. This dusty, lonely area

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Ancient robbers were not the only ones who looted tombs in Egypt. In the 1800s, people from many different countries in Europe began traveling to Egypt. The ancient kingdom was long gone. The old beliefs had all disappeared. The squiggly picture writ

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Howard Carter was born in England in 1874. He was the son of an artist who made paintings of animals. Carter first went to Egypt when he was only seventeen years old. He was part of a group exploring Amenhoteps city of Amarna. He drew pictures of the

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Tom moved to Williamsburg in the spring of 1760. This city near the coast was Virginias capital and home to the College of William and Mary. Tom loved college from the start. He was hungry for knowledge and enjoyed studying late into the night. One p

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Thomas Jefferson was born in 1743 on his familys plantation, Shadwell, in central Virginia. Virginia was one of thirteen colonies belonging to Great Britain. By the calendar used then, his birth date was April 2. By todays calendar his birth date was

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Helen was asked to give a public speech. Helen gave her first speech in Montclair, New Jersey. Annie was with her. Still, Helen was scared. What if no one understood her? Helen spoke about her life. Her voice was not clear, but no one seemed to care.

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FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT WAS THE 32ND PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. WHEN HE WAS 39 YEARS OLD, HE CAME DOWN WITH POLIO. HE WAS NEVER ABLE TO WALK AGAIN WITHOUT THE AID OF LEG BRACES AND CRUTCHES. BUT HIS HANDICAP DID NOT STOP HIM FROM BEING ONE OF

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Of the eight people in the Annex, only Otto Frank survived the war. He returned to Amsterdam hoping for a family reunion. Instead he learned that his wife and daughters were gone. All that was left was the diary and photographs that Miep had saved. O

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After Hitler invaded Poland in September of 1939, England and France declared war. This was the start of World War II. Italy sided with Germany. For the time being, the United Statesan ocean awaystayed out of the conflict. As for the little country o

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Amsterdam is a pretty city. It is crisscrossed with canals. Boats go up and down the canals all hours of the day. Anne was only four years old in 1934 when she moved there. Amsterdam quickly became her home. The Franks new apartment was not as large

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Amelia Earhart wanted to fly around the world. Although other pilots had circled the globe, she would fly close to the equator. This would make a longer and harder trip29,000 miles. A special plane was neededa new Lockheed model called the Electra. T

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THOMAS HOPKINS GALLAUDET OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, WAS THE MAN WHO BROUGHT EDUCATION TO DEAF CHILDREN IN AMERICA. HE WANTED TO HELP HIS NEIGHBORS YOUNG DEAF DAUGHTER, ALICE COGSWELL. IN 1816, GALLAUDET WENT TO PARIS, FRANCE, TO STUDY AT A SCHOOL FOR

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Accompanied by the Captain and her Aunt Evelyn, Helen went to see Dr. Bell. Her mother carefully curled Helens hair before she left. Helen looked like an angel. She was about six years old now. Helen walked into Bells office, and the two became frien

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