万物简史 第390期:浩瀚的海洋(9)

Although Beebe nearly always gets the credit, 虽然功劳几乎总是归于毕比， it was in fact Barton who designed the first bathysphere (from the Greek word for deep) and funded the $12,000 cost of its construction. 但设计并出资1200美元来

万物简史 第370期:进入对流层(11)

What we do know is that because heat from the Sun is unevenly distributed, differences in air pressure arise on the planet. Air can't abide this, so it rushes around trying to equalize things everywhere. Wind is simply the air's way of trying to keep

万物简史 第371期:进入对流层(12)

Though a lawyer by profession, Hadley had a keen interest in the weather (he was, after all, English) and also suggested a link between his cells, the Earth's spin, and the apparent deflections of air that give us our trade winds. However, it was an

万物简史 第377期:进入对流层(18)

Oceans are the real powerhouse of the planet's surface behavior. 海洋是地球表面活动的真正动力源泉。 Indeed, meteorologists increasingly treat oceans and atmosphere as a single system, which is why we must give them a little of our at

万物简史 第378期:进入对流层(19)

What happens is that surface waters, as they get to the vicinity of Europe, 情况是这样的：表面海水抵达欧洲附近以后， grow dense and sink to great depths and begin a slow trip back to the southern hemisphere. 密度增加，沉到深

万物简史 第373期:进入对流层(14)

However, for reasons unknown he calibrated the instrument in a way that put freezing at 32 degrees and boiling at 212 degrees. From the outset this numeric eccentricity bothered some people, and in 1742 Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, came up w

万物简史 第359期:孤独的行星(24)

Any visitors to Earth from afar would almost certainly, at the very least, be bemused to find us living in an atmosphere composed of nitrogen, 任何光临地球的远方客人几乎肯定都会觉得好笑，发现我们生活在一种由氮和氧组成

万物简史 第338期:孤独的行星(3)

We have managed once, briefly, to send humans to that depth in a sturdy diving vessel, yet it is home to colonies of amphipods, 我们只有一次用坚固的潜水器成功地把人送到了那个深度，而且就一会儿，而那里却是端足目动

万物简史 第345期:孤独的行星(10)

Collapsed lungs were a routine hazard. 肺部坍缩是常有的危险， Perforated eardrums were quite common, but, as Haldane reassuringly noted in one of his essays, the drum generally heals up; 鼓膜穿孔也是家常便饭，但霍尔丹在一篇

万物简史 第343期:孤独的行星(8)

Throughout his youth, the young Haldane helped his father with experiments. 在整个年轻时代，小霍尔丹一直是他父亲做实验的帮手。 By the time he was a teenager, the two often tested gases and gas masks together, taking turns to

万物简史 第342期:孤独的行星(7)

His idea of a vacation was to travel to Cornwall to study hookworm in miners. 去康沃尔研究矿工们的钩虫病算是他的假日。 Aldous Huxley, the novelist grandson of T. H. Huxley, who lived with the Haldanes for a time, T.H.赫胥黎的孙

万物简史 第331期:美丽而危险(14)

That nine hundred years is an averageand a somewhat misleading one. 900年是个平均数字也是个会让人产生错觉的数字。 According to Robert B. Smith and Lee J. Siegel in Windows into the Earth, a geological history of the region, 罗伯特

万物简史 第328期:美丽而危险(11)

Evacuating Yellowstone would never be easy. 撤离黄石公园不会是一件容易的事。 The park gets some three million visitors a year, mostly in the three peak months of summer. 公园每年吸引着大约300万名游客，主要是在夏季3个

万物简史 第325期:美丽而危险(8)

It may not feel like it, but you're standing on the largest active volcano in the world, 我觉得事情不是这样的，但你是站在世界上最大的活火山上面。 Paul Doss, Yellowstone National Park geologist, told me soon after climbing

万物简史 第319期:美丽而危险(2)

These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single mighty rupture, leaving behind a vast subsided pit, the caldera (from a Latin word for cauldron). 这种火山的威力如此之大，它们一下子破土而出，留下一个沉降式大

万物简史 第332期:美丽而危险(15)

Would there be any warning? 会有什么警报吗？ Probably not. The last significant explosion in the park was at a place called Pork Chop Geyser in 1989. 很可能没有。公园里上一次大喷发发生在1989年，在一个名叫猪排间歇泉

万物简史 第317期:地下的烈火(25)

Ninety minutes after the blast, ash began to rain down on Yakima, Washington, 爆发90分钟以后，灰烬开始雨滴般地洒落在华盛顿州的亚基马。 a community of fifty thousand people about eighty miles away. 那是个有5万人口的社

万物简史 第314期:地下的烈火(22)

Almost the only person who believed that something really bad might happen was Jack Hyde, a geology professor at a community college in Tacoma. 几乎只有一个人认为真的快出大问题了，他就是塔科马一所社区学院的地质学教授

万物简史 第313期:地下的烈火(21)

At that time, the lower forty-eight United States had not seen a volcanic eruption for over sixty-five years. 当时，美国本土的48个州在过去的65年里没有见过火山爆发。 Therefore the government volcanologists called in to monitor

万物简史 第312期:地下的烈火(20)

We may be going through a reversal now. 我们现在也许正经历一次逆转。 The Earth's magnetic field has diminished by perhaps as much as 6 percent in the last century alone. 仅仅在过去的一个世纪里，地球的磁场就减弱了大约