有声读物《孙子兵法》第55期:第九章 行军(6)
英语课
行军篇 NO.6：
杖而立者，饥也；
汲而先饮者，渴也；
见利而不进者，劳也；
鸟集者，虚也；
夜呼者，恐也；
军扰者，将不重也；
旌旗动者，乱也；
吏怒者，倦也；
杀马肉食者，军无粮也；
悬缸不返其舍者，穷寇也；
谆谆翕翕，徐与人言者，失众也；
数赏者，窘也；
数罚者，困也；
先暴而后畏其众者，不精之至也；
来委谢者，欲休息也。
兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必谨察之。
这句啥意思：
抵兵倚着兵器而站立的，是饥饿的表现；
供水兵打水自己先饮的，是干渴的表现；
敌人见利而不进兵争夺的，是疲劳的表现；
敌人营寨上聚集鸟雀的，下面是空营；
敌人夜间惊叫的，是恐慌的表现；
敌营惊扰纷乱的，是敌将没有威严的表现；
旌旗摇动不整齐的，是敌人队伍已经混乱。
敌人军官易怒的，是全军疲倦的表现；
用粮食喂马，杀马吃肉，收拾起汲水器具，
部队不返营房的，是要拼死的穷寇；
低声下气同部下讲话的，是敌将失去人心；
不断犒赏士卒的，是敌军没有办法；
不断惩罚部属的，是敌人处境困难；
先粗暴然后又害怕部下的，是最不精明的将领；
派来使者送礼言好的，是敌人想休兵息战；
敌人逞怒同我对阵，但久不交锋又不撤退的，必须谨慎地观察他的企图。
英文这么说：
When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears,they are faint from want of food.
If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst.
If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted 1.
If birds gather on any spot, it is unoccupied.
Clamor by night betokens 2 nervousness.
If there is disturbance 3 in the camp, the general's authority is weak.
If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition 4 is afoot.
If the officers are angry,it means that the men are weary.
When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food,
and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires, showing that they will not return to their tents, you may know that they are determined 5 to fight to the death.
The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued 6 tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file.
Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources;
Too many punishments betray a condition of dire 7 distress 8.
To begin by bluster 9, but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers, shows a supreme 10 lack of intelligence.
When envoys 11 are sent with compliments in their mouths,it is a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce 12.
If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one that demands great vigilance and circumspection 13.
“必谨察之”怎么讲
这是孙子的相敌术，就是通过观察敌人的情况，来判断敌人随后的行动。透过现象看本质。我认为这里孙子认为看到的现象与敌人的目的是相反的。敌人总是通过与要采取的行动相反的表现，来迷惑我们。他越是言辞强势，做出前进的动作，其实是想撤退。敌人的士兵士气正旺盛，杀气腾腾的，与我们的部队相对峙，但是却很长时间不作战，又不撤退，这一定是有意图，就要小心观察。可能是在强制我们，从背后袭击我们。所以这里也不存在矛盾的问题。
1 exhausted
adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的
- It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
- Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。
3 disturbance
n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调
- He is suffering an emotional disturbance.他的情绪受到了困扰。
- You can work in here without any disturbance.在这儿你可不受任何干扰地工作。
4 sedition
n.煽动叛乱
- Government officials charged him with sedition.政府官员指控他煽动人们造反。
- His denial of sedition was a denial of violence.他对煽动叛乱的否定又是对暴力的否定。
5 determined
adj.坚定的；有决心的
- I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
- He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
6 subdued
adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的
- There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
- We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了，但是我们渡过了困难。
7 distress
n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛
- Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
- Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。
8 bluster
v.猛刮；怒冲冲的说；n.吓唬，怒号；狂风声
- We could hear the bluster of the wind and rain.我们能听到狂风暴雨的吹打声。
- He was inclined to bluster at first,but he soon dropped.起初他老爱吵闹一阵，可是不久就不做声了。
9 supreme
adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的
- It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
- He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
10 envoys
使节( envoy的名词复数 )； 公使； 谈判代表； 使节身份
- the routine tit for tat when countries expel each other's envoys 国家相互驱逐对方使节这种惯常的报复行动
- Marco Polo's travelogue mentions that Kublai Khan sent envoys to Malgache. 马可波罗游记中提到忽必烈曾派使节到马尔加什。
11 truce
n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束
- The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
- She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。
12 circumspection
n.细心，慎重
- The quality of being circumspection is essential for a secretary. 作为一个秘书，我想细致周到是十分必要的。 来自互联网
- Circumspection: beware the way of communication, always say good to peoples. 慎言：要说于人于己有利的话，注意沟通方式。 来自互联网