有声读物《孙子兵法》第58期:第十章 地形(2)
英语课
地形篇 NO.2：
凡兵有走者、有驰者、有陷者、有崩者、有乱者、有北者。
凡此六者，非天地之灾，将之过也。
夫势均，以一击十，曰走；
卒强吏弱，曰驰；
吏强卒弱，曰陷；
大吏怒而不服，遇敌怼而自战，将不知其能，曰崩；
将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱；
将不能料敌，以少合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。
凡此六者，败之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。
这句啥意思：
军队打败仗有“走”、“驰”、“陷”、“崩”、“乱”、“北”六种情况。
这六种情况的发生，不是天时地理的灾害，而是将帅自身的过错。
地势均同的情况下，以一击十而导致失败的，叫做“走”。
士卒强捍，军官懦弱而造成失败的，叫做“驰”。
将帅强悍，士卒儒弱而失败的，叫做“陷”。
偏将怨仇不服从指挥，遇到敌人擅自出战，主将又不了解他们能力，因而失败的，叫做“崩”。
将帅懦弱缺乏威严，治军没有章法，官兵关系混乱紧张，列兵布阵杂乱无常，因此而致败的，叫做“乱”。
将帅不能正确判断敌情，以少击众，以弱击强，作战又没有精锐先锋部队，因而落败的，叫做“北”。
以上六种情况，均是导致失败的原因。这是将帅的重大责任之所在，是不可不认真考察研究的。
英文这么说：
Now an army is exposed to six several calamities,not arising from natural causes, but from faults for which the general is responsible. These are:(1) Flight; (2) insubordination; (3) collapse 1; (4) ruin;
(5) disorganization; (6) rout 2.
Other conditions being equal, if one force is hurled 3 against another ten times its size, the result will be the flight of the former.
When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination.
When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.
When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate,and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment 4, before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight,the result is ruin.
When the general is weak and without authority;when his orders are not clear and distinct;
When there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men,and the ranks are formed in a slovenly 5 haphazard 6 manner,the result is utter disorganization.
When a general, unable to estimate the enemy's strength, allows an inferior force to engage a larger one,or hurls 7 a weak detachment against a powerful one,and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank,
the result must be rout.
These are six ways of courting defeat, which must be carefully noted 8 by the general who has attained 9 a responsible post.
片段赏析
作者在《地形第十》篇论述用兵作战怎样利用地形的问题，着重论述深入敌国作战的好处。作者分析了九种战地的特点和士兵处在这些地区的心理状态，相应地提出了在这些地区用兵的不同措施，认为深入敌国，等于把士兵投置在危地、陷入死地，他们会迫不得巳拚死作战，发挥更大的战斗力，而且，深入敌国，还可就地补充军粮，还可因离家太远而不会逃散，服从指挥，一心一意作战，夺得战争胜利。作者还讨论了地形是用兵的辅助条件，主将必须善于利用，对那些不明战况，不知战道的国君，命令可以不听，而将帅本身是“进不求名，退不避罪，而利合于主”。
1 collapse
vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷
- The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
- The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
2 rout
n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮
- The enemy was put to rout all along the line.敌人已全线崩溃。
- The people's army put all to rout wherever they went.人民军队所向披靡。
3 hurled
v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂
- He hurled a brick through the window. 他往窗户里扔了块砖。
- The strong wind hurled down bits of the roof. 大风把屋顶的瓦片刮了下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 resentment
n.怨愤，忿恨
- All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
- She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。
5 slovenly
adj.懒散的，不整齐的，邋遢的
- People were scandalized at the slovenly management of the company.人们对该公司草率的经营感到愤慨。
- Such slovenly work habits will never produce good products.这样马马虎虎的工作习惯决不能生产出优质产品来。
6 haphazard
adj.无计划的，随意的，杂乱无章的
- The town grew in a haphazard way.这城镇无计划地随意发展。
- He regrerted his haphazard remarks.他悔不该随口说出那些评论话。
7 hurls
v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的第三人称单数 )；大声叫骂
- Jane really hurls herself into learning any new song, doesn't she? 对任何新歌，简都会一心一意去学，对吗？ 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The necromancer hurls a bolt of dark energies against his enemies. 亡灵法师向对手射出一道带着黑暗能量的影束。 来自互联网