时间:2018-12-01 作者:英语课 分类:初中语法汇总


英语课
简单句
 

1、简单句的特点:简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。


2、简单句的种类:简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。


3、陈述句:


用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。


▲陈述句的肯定式: He is a middle school student.(他是个中学生)/ I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把锤子)/ She teaches us geography.(她教我们地理)/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.(新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢)


▲陈述句的否定式:


1)谓语动词如果是 be 助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如:My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教师)/ He does not have a cousin.(他没有堂兄弟)/ I will not go there tomorrow.(明天我不去那儿)/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.(我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭)/ You must not make such mistakes again.(你不该再犯类似错误了) / We haven’t discussed the question yet(我们还没有讨论那个问题呢).


2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如: I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.(李明不在农村养猪)/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here.(我们没指望着在这里见到她)/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会)


3)如果“have作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 如:I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.(我没有兄弟姐妹)


  have 的否定形式:


     当表示“有”的意思时,可以采用以下三种形式:have+notdo not+ have have+ no+ n. 如:I have not enough food to eat.= I do not have enough food to eat. =I have no enough food to eat.


     have为助动词时,用“have+ not”结构。如:I have not been toShanghai


     have既不表示“有”,也不作助动词用时,用“do not+ have”结构。I didn’t have breakfast this morning.


     具体到反义疑问句中,则遵循以下原则:


     a.have表示含义时,反意疑部问部分可以用have形式,也可以用do形式。例如:

    He has a book in his hand, hasn't he?

    He has a book in his hand, doesn't he?

b.
当陈述部分的动词是have“有”的否定形式时,反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式,取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如:

    You haven't a car, have you?

    You don't have any money with you, do you?

c.
have不表示含义而表示其他含义时,反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如:

    We had a good time in the vacation, didn't we?

    He has his breakfast at seven everyday, doesn't he?

    You have to get up early tomorrow, don't you?


[注意]


①句子中如果有allbothvery much/well等词时,not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用noneneithernot…at all等;All of them went there.None of them went there.(他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里)


②句子中含有littlefewtoo()hardlyneverneithernorseldom等词时, 则视为否定句。如:Few people live there because life there is very hard.(几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了)


③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如:That’s your boss?(那就是你的老板?!)


④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序, 即:主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。


⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如:The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. (老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家)/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗?)





标签:
学英语单词
A-axis
abayoni
achronychous
all-or-nothing check
allowed direction
Almelund
American red squirrel
announcement effect
annumerated
at this present writing
attack politics
belted down
benevolent dictators
bgm
binderless birquetting
blade-section profile
boot topping (bt)
boxer
butt crack
cargo on deck
carrier (wave) telegraphy
christian dance
constant torque asynchronous motor
croton seed
debit voucher
delia
doublet pulse
draught-proofings
edwin
elastic weight
felin
fiftie
file manipulation architecture
give the push
gonadorelin 6-D-trp acetate
graded index lens
hanazumo
headreach
heavy duty roughing tool
helicopting
idiopathic myocarditis
isoosmotic pressure
j-shapeds
kept
kinskis
Kpedze
kucinich
low-producing
luminor
m-chlorobenzylamine
magnetisations
maholm
mountain unit
movable transcendental singularity
multi plate
naderi
negative-sum
Nekenstatut
nucleus of raphe
Oum Hadjer, Ouadi
pancreatrophic
passenger car tyres
paulopost
payroll per capita
peak-flow
philanthropism
pious fiction
play it low on
Polylite
Psittacidae
reaction, chain
receive send keyboard set
remote signalling plant
richa
sackungs
self noise
sole tile
spread velocity
staffable
steam-mixer
substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
Sulat, Gili
synchronization monitor
systematic description
tautogs
tele-politics
tilia tuan szyszyl
to ... credit
Topolobampo
tractus nervosi commissurales
tricholoma acerbum
Turner Corner
uniform and/or modulation doping
untruths
vaccinees
visual-light cloud picture
wall thickness after reinforcement
western wood pewees
witches' broom
without perjudice
wormseed oil
Zulia, Estado