时间:2018-12-01 作者:英语课 分类:初中语法汇总


英语课

从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语


①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... 


关于宾语从句连词的选择:


若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;


    若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if whether;


    若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(what,who,where,when)


例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? )


宾语从句的时态问题:如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时;


如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)


下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待:


   be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如:I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) /  I’m afraid he  isn’t  in  at  the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)


 


配套练习请到 http://exam.tingroom.com/takeexam.php?eid=503         更多高考复习题 http://exam.tingroom.com/


 


一、宾语从句的连接词:

  1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。

  eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

  2、连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。

  eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

  He asked me whether or not I was coming.

  一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:

  ①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

  ②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

  ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.

  3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义

。  eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

  I wonder where he got so much money.

   【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 

  eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents.

  2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.

  二、宾语从句的语序:

  宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结

构。

  Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)

  Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)

  The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)

  陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”à She said

she would leave a message on the desk.

  一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him.

à I asked him where the tickets are.

三、宾语从句的时态呼应:

  宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受

限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。

  eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)

  I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)

     【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。

  eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

  四、其他需要说明的问题:

  1、标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。

  eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?

  2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。

  ▲五、宾语从句和状语从句的区分:

  eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.

  2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.

  句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从

句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。

判断方法:

  1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

   2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当

宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”

  3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连

词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。

  e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.

  An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.

  They don’t know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend

  Could you tell me when (什么时候)the train arrives ?

  We’ll go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

  =If doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.

  They knew each other when(当……时候)they were children.

=When they were children


 



初中语法专项练习--宾语从句3
初中语法专项练习--宾语从句2

初中语法专项练习--宾语从句1





标签:
学英语单词
5-flurocytosine
a-tishoo
aeroaspiration
Appenweier
Asprimox
astronomical coordinate measuring instrument
atom shell
azzle-tooth
bofore bottom dead center
bowl
bracemate
chairholders
chilling rolls
Chinese gall aphid
colour comparator pyrometer
continued development
contractile fiber cells
creosote carbonate
daunsel
diametrical curve
do you have a girlfriend
East Berliners
embedded part of coil
euro-asian
excision of lipoma
fancy skip twill
friction unemployment
frontiers
gamma aminobutyric acids
gas discharge colour method
gateses
Gilson's solution
graphophones
grooved roll
high tide elevation
holding cooler
hydrogen system
hymens
inverting parametric device
irreversible magnetization
Kapala Batas
Katusa
keep one's promise
kelston
lay of cloth
libertyman
lluminated rocket
machine function
make you
maremusset
Masticho, Akra
memoirs of a geisha
merwomen
metho-
monomphalus
mud logging
Naro, Fiume
non-judgmental
nut mill
occidentality
off-line stroage
off-settings
Pediculus capitis
pentops
Phenaloin
plan development
polshe
Pordim
preferred shares
pseudoselerema
quasistatically
reflective materials
relentless
reload module
remercying
rodhocetus
safe investment rule
safe low power critical experiment reactor
sanidal
scabbardless
sea parrots
secondary air ratio
settelmier
shadow picture
slow-neutron chain reaction
spelter pot
stain sync
strata behaviors
subdiscipline
tender deadline
Thalictircine
thread take up lever stroke
tragulus javanicuss
valdivieso
Very pleased to meet you
what's popping?
wild dogs
wonderfest
working viscosity of fluid
xerophthalmia
zapato
zymology