音标：['peinful] ；柯林斯词典等级：3 级；牛津三千核心词汇；

a. 痛苦的, 困难的, 令人烦恼的
[医] 疼痛的

a. causing physical or psychological pain

考试类型：[高考/四级/六级/考研]

词性分布：

形容词100%

painful的用法和样例：

例句

用作形容词(adj.)

It was painful for him to renounce his son.宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。
His wife's death left a painful void in his life.他妻子的死给他的人生留下了痛苦的空虚感。
The sting of a jellyfish is very painful.让水母刺着是很痛的。
The operation was very painful.手术很痛。
He gained the medal through his painful travail.他通过艰辛的努力获得了奖牌。
It was painful to admit that I was wrong.要我承认错了，是很费力的。

常见句型

用作形容词(adj.)

用作定语～+ n.

She had a painful cut on her thumb.她的拇指上有个疼痛的伤口。
This is a painful illness.这是一种痛苦的疾病。
This has been a painful lesson to me.对我来说,这是一个惨痛的教训。
He lived a painful life.他过着艰辛的生活。
It was a painful subject.这是一个令人棘手的题目。

用作表语S+be+～

Is your wound still painful?你的伤口还痛吗?
His writing was slow and painful.他写得既慢又费力。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

The duty is painful to me, but it must be done.这义务对我来说很痛苦,但它是无法避免的。

S+be+～+to- v

The story of her sufferings was painful to listen to.她苦难的故事使人听得难受。

It is/was+～+(for sb) to- v

It is painful to admit that I was wrong.我承认自己错了真痛苦。
It must have been very painful for you to tell her about the accident.把这件事情告诉她对你来说一定是很痛苦的事。

It is/was+～+that-clause

It is painful that Tom will fail this exam.汤姆这次考试如不及格,这是叫人痛心的。

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

painful cut疼痛的伤口
painful illness痛苦的疾病
painful life艰辛的生活
painful subject令人不愉快的题目

～+动词

painful to do sth做某事是痛苦的
painful to see sth看见某事是痛苦的

～+介词

painful to sb对某人来说是痛苦的

经典引文

Isabella coloured suddenly, and looked away, as though some painful thought disturbed her.
出自：A. Harding

【近义词】

sore疼痛的
aching疼痛的
distressing使人痛苦的
troublesome令人烦恼的
tender温柔的
raw未加工的
afflictive给人痛苦的
tormenting使人痛苦的
achy疼痛的
pestering动词pester的现在进...
disturbing烦扰的
tingling发出叮当声
laborious艰苦的
annoying恼人的
distressful使人苦恼的
hurtful造成损害的
disquieting引起不安的
vexatious令人烦恼的
stinging刺人的
worrying令人担心的
searing灼热的
aggravating使更恶化的
biting刺痛的
worrisome令人忧虑的
sharp锋利的
torturous折磨的
excruciating极痛苦的
galling使烦恼的
smarting动词smart的现在进行...
bitter苦的
harassing动词harass的现在进...
agonizing苦恼的
trying难受的
vexing使人烦恼的
awful糟糕的
dreadful可怕的
uncomfortable不舒服的
terrible可怕的
sorrowful悲伤的
anguished很痛苦的
heartrending令人心碎的
awkward尴尬的
labored(动作、呼吸等)困难的...
dire可怕的
exacting严格的
unpleasant使人不愉快的...
hard硬的
uphill上坡地
tragical悲剧的
grievous痛苦的
sad悲哀的
unpleasing不愉快的
operose费力的
toilsome费力的
hateful可恨的
insufferable令人无法忍受的...
difficult困难的
distasteful味道差的
undesirable不受欢迎的
disagreeable不愉快的
rueful悲伤的
lamentable可悲的
weighty重要的
ponderous笨重的
dolorous忧伤的
odious可憎的
tough强硬的
tragic悲剧的
disheartening使人沮丧的
execrable恶劣的
unhappy不快乐的
unwelcome不受欢迎的
touching动人的
unbearable无法忍受的
loathsome讨厌的
repulsive令人厌恶的
insupportable不能忍受的
dismal阴沉的
strenuous奋发的
hefty重的
infelicitous不妥当的
calamitous造成灾祸的
burdensome负担的
arduous费力的
poignant悲伤的
disgusting令人厌恶的
melancholy忧郁
heavy大(量)的
moving 移动的
revolting令人厌恶的
repellent驱虫剂
nasty下流的
atrocious残暴的
abominable讨厌的
irritating使愤怒的
unendurable难忍受的
disastrous灾难性的
unspeakable不能以言语表达的...
sticky粘的
costly昂贵的
violent猛烈的
sensitive灵敏的

【反义词】

painless无痛的

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