英语PK台 第398期:现在分词基础全讲解(2)
英语课
现在分词的语法作用
现在分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)现在分词(短语)作主语:
Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time 1 job.
产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
Saying is easier than doing.
说比做容易。
注意:在 There is no 结构中,通常用现在分词。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
历史车轮不可阻挡。
2)现在分词(短语)作表语:
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
3)现在分词作宾语:
现在分词作动词宾语。如:
I suggest doing it in a different way.
我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
We enjoy attending Miss Li's class.
我们喜欢听李老师的课。
现在分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面。如:
I'm against inviting 2 him to dinner.
我反对邀请他来吃饭。
They don't feel like walking that much.
他们不喜欢走那么多路。
He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦,希望能成为一个著名的画家。
此类短语还有很多,如:look forward to(渴望,盼望), be proud of (以……自豪), be responsible 3 for(对……负责), insist on(坚持), think of(考虑,想到), dream of(梦想), object to(反对,抗议), hear of(听说), prevent...from(防止,阻止), keep...from(防止,阻止), stop...from(防止,阻止), be engaged 4 in(从事于), depend on(依靠,依赖), thank...for(因……而道谢), excuse...for(因……而道歉), aim at(目的在于), devote 5...to(献身于), set about(着手做), be/get used to(习惯于), be fond of(喜欢), be afraid of(害怕), be tired of(对……厌烦), succeed in(成功地做……), be interested in(对……感兴趣), be ashamed 6 of(对……感到羞愧)等。
注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。
I have no difficulty 7 (in) communicating with foreigners.
我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games.
他过去常花很多时间玩游戏。
What can prevent us (from) getting married?
有什么能阻止我们结婚?
4)现在分词作定语:
① 单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。
reading room 阅览室
swimming pool 游泳池
dining car 餐车
sleeping car 卧车
singing competition 歌咏比赛
waiting room 候车室
a waiting car 一辆等待着的车
a sleeping child 一个酣睡的孩子
flying fish 飞鱼
the exciting news 令人振奋的消息
a boring speech 令人乏味的演出
②现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。
Who is the man standing 8 by the door?
站在门边的男人是谁?
They lived in a house facing south.
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
5)现在分词作状语:现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出。如:
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
他一边看书,一边不时地点头。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
看到那些画,他想起了她的童年。
现在分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.
因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn't go to sleep that night.
因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
现在分词短语作结果状语。注意:主谓宾+逗号+现在分词=表结果
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。
现在分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如:
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句。如:
注意:下面例句如果没有will,现在分词则作后置定语。
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。(现在分词作条件状语)
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain find himself very small.(后置定语修饰person)
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.(现在分词作让步状语)
尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失。
“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如:
His hair became grey with the years passing.
随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped 9 through the window.
没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。
6)现在分词作补语:
现在分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find 等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语,作宾语补语。如:
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.
昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。
adj.满工作日的或工作周的,全时间的
- A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
- I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作,我不知道她是如何对付的。
adj.诱人的,引人注目的
- An inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room.一股诱人的咖啡香味飘进了房间。
- The kitchen smelled warm and inviting and blessedly familiar.这间厨房的味道温暖诱人,使人感到亲切温馨。
adj.有责任的,应负责的;可靠的,可信赖的;责任重大的;vi.休息,睡;静止,停止
- He must be responsible to me for this matter.这件事他必须对我负责。
- The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
a.having agree to get married
- They are engaged in talks with the Irish government. 他们正忙着与爱尔兰政府谈判。
- The old lady engaged herself in making clothes for her children. 这位老太太忙着为孩子们做衣服。
vt.将…奉献(给),把...专用于,致力于
- I devote myself to helping the poor.我致力于帮助穷人。
- He is determined to devote his life to sicence.他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。
adj.感到惭愧,感到害臊,因为羞耻或勉强作某事
- He is ashamed to show his face at the club.他不好意思在俱乐部露脸。
- You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。
n.困难,费劲;难事,难题;麻烦,困境
- If there is any difficulty,please let us know promptly.倘有困难,请迅速通知我们。
- A little difficulty like this is nothing to us.这点困难算不了什么。
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
- After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
- They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
标签:
英语PK台