英语PK台 第416期:动名词基础全讲解(4)
英语课
动名词的功能
动名词是什么?动词ing形式的一种,由动词演变而来,兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词与现在分词在句中相同用法下含义的区别
一、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语
动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语,动名词作表语时,主语和表语是概念与内容的关系。现在分词作表语,主要是表示情绪、状态和品质的词。
(1)动名词用作表语
Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是绘画。
The pastime 1 is going to movies.
他们的消遣是看电影。
One of her duties is keeping the department files.
她的任务之一是管理部门的档案。
(2)现在分词用作表语
The dirty street is disgusting.
那条肮脏的街道令人厌恶。(表情绪)
The photograph is missing.
那张照片不见了。(表状态)
That cake looks tempting 2.
那块蛋糕很诱人。(表品质)
二、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作,也可以说,现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质,两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。
(1)动名词作定语,动名词表性质或用途或功能
flying suit (a suit one wears when flying) (飞行服)
swimming pool (游泳池)
drinking water (饮用水)
swimming suit (游泳衣)
waiting room (候车室)
sleeping bag (睡袋)
parking lot (停车场)
sleeping pill (安眠药)
parking meter (停车计时)
writing desk (写字桌)
sewing machine (缝纫机)
writing paper (信纸)
operating table (手术室)
diving suit (潜水衣)
reading room (阅览室)
(2)现在分词作定语:
flying sauces (飞碟)
a booming 3 town (日渐繁荣的城镇)
sleeping beauty (睡美人)
increasing demand (日益增长的需求)
the existing condition (现有条件)
running water (自来水)
a living language (活的语言)
the prevailing 4 fashion (盛行的时装)
a shining example (光辉的榜样)
lasting 5 peace (持久的和平)
a falling star (流星)
the leading newspapers (主要报纸)
developing countries (发展中国家)
the working personnel 6 (员工)
三、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语
动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语,但现在分词用作宾语补语时,与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词,如:smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外,有些使役动词如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有,作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as,前面的动词多用regard, consider, describe, quote, picture, see, think of 等。现在分词用作主语补语,多用在被动结构中,与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。
(1)动名词用作补语
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.
我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。
This is called turning things upside down.
这叫做把事物颠倒了。
2)现在分词用作补语
We found him waiting to receive us.
我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
We kept the fire burning all the time.
我们使火一直燃烧着。
They described the young man as having initiative 7 and drive.
他们说这青年积极肯干。
He was seen going upstairs.
有人看见他上楼。
四、动名词与现在分词在读音上的区别
动名词的重音在动名词上
a ‘sleeping car
现在分词的重音在所修饰的名词上
a sleeping ‘child
n.消遣,娱乐
- Playing chess is his favourite pastime.下棋是他最喜爱的消遣。
- Baseball is the national pastime.棒球是全民性的休闲运动。
a.诱人的, 吸引人的
- It is tempting to idealize the past. 人都爱把过去的日子说得那么美好。
- It was a tempting offer. 这是个诱人的提议。
adj.急速发展的v.激增( boom的现在分词 );猛涨;发出隆隆声;以低沉有力的声音说话
- The opera singer has a deep, booming, masculine voice. 这位歌剧演唱家有一副深沉而又浑厚有力的嗓音。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
- He is booming as a teacher. 作为一位教师,他日趋成功。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.盛行的;占优势的;主要的
- She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
- This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
- The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
- We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
n.[总称]人员,员工,人事部门
- The personnel are not happy to change these rules.全体工作人员对改变这些规定很不高兴。
- Personnel has lost my tax forms.人事部门把我的税收表格给弄丢了。
n.主动性,首创精神,主动权(的行动),倡议
- He went to see the headmaster on his own initiative.他主动去看望校长。
- His employer had described him as lacking in initiative and drive.雇主说他缺乏进取心和干劲。
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