美国文化脱口秀 第705期:2018年最热门的英语词你认识几个
时间:2019-02-11 作者:英语课 分类:美国文化脱口秀
不知不觉2018年已经走入了尾声,你知道今年最热门的英语词是什么吗,今天的节目Jenny和Adam就来聊聊年度热词。
Buzzwords
每年年末,各大词典官方都会选出一个最具代表的热词:
Buzzwords: 流行词,热门词
Buzz字面意思是“嗡嗡”的声音,在英语中也可以用来形容热门的,受到大家关注的事物。
另外也可以叫做:
Trending words: 热门词汇
Trending用来形容在社交媒体(social media)上非常热门的事物。
Word of the year from different dictionaries
评选年度词汇是两本词典的官方传统,其中一本是:
Oxford 1 dictionary: 牛津词典
牛津词典在11月公布了今年的年度词汇:
Toxic 2: 有毒的
这个词已经不局限于形容有毒的化学物品,还可以形容有害的,不友好的工作环境、人际关系等,例如被同事排挤、欺负(toxic working environment),贬低女性的大男子主义(toxic masculinity)。
According to Oxford's research, we'reusing “toxic” to describe everything from chemicals and gas to masculinity and relationships. We've embraced the word as a kind of blanket descriptor for anything deeply but often invisibly harmful.
另一本有评选传统的词典:
Collins dictionary: 柯林斯词典
柯林斯词典的2018年度词汇是:
Single-use: 一次性的
和toxic类似,这个词也早已存在,今年星巴克宣布全面停用塑料吸管事件后被广泛运用在新闻报道中。
Single-use plastic straw: 一次性塑料吸管
剑桥词典则是让用户们投票评选(not official, user-voted):
Cambridge dictionary: 剑桥词典
今年的热词第一名是:
Nomophobia: /ˌnoʊ.moʊˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ fear of the idea of being without your mobile phone or unable to use it. 无手机恐慌症
Last five years
牛津词典近五年的年度词汇:
Selfie (2013): 自拍
Vape (2014): 抽电子烟
The emoji (2015): face with tears of joy 笑哭的表情
Post-truth (2016): 后真相
相比于客观事实,诉诸情感和信念更能影响舆论的情况。2016年英国脱欧公投,美国大选,各种各样的假新闻都让人们意识到了我们正处于一个后真相时代。
Youthquake(2017): 青年震荡
指由年轻人的行为引起的重大文化、政治或社会变化。
柯林斯词典近五年的年度词汇:
Geek (2013): 极客
Photobomb (2014): 抢镜头
Binge-watch (2015): 刷剧
Brexit (2016): 英国脱欧,British exit的缩写
Fake news (2017): 假新闻
Other 2018 buzzwords
2018年的其它年度热词:
Orbiting: the action of abruptly 3 withdrawing from direct communication with someone while still monitoring, and sometimes responding to, their activity on social media.
原意是绕轨道运行, 流行词意为潜水,突然中断与某人的联系,却又在社交媒体上活动甚至回应某人。
Techlash: a strong and widespread negative reaction to the growing power and influence of large technology companies,particularly those based in Silicon 4 Valley.
-lash来自backlash强烈抵制。这个词的意思是对大型科技公司日益增长的权力和影响力的抵制,尤其是硅谷的大公司。
Cakeism: primarily a word used in the UK, cakeism is the belief that it is possible to enjoy both of two desirable but mutually exclusive alternatives at the same time.
有一句英文谚语“You can't have your cake and eat it too”,表示你不能同时拥有蛋糕又吃到蛋糕。而cakeism则被用来形容英国脱欧派既想保留欧盟成员国的福利又不承担任何脱欧后果的理想主义。
Gammon: a person, typically male,middle-aged, and white, with reactionary 5 views, especially one who supports Brexit.
愿意是腌猪后腿,流行词意指那些支持脱欧的保守派中年白人男子,包含强烈的贬义。
Theyby: a baby who has been brought up in a gender-neutral way and not outwardly identified by its parents as either a boy or a girl.
越来越多的父母用没有性别指定的代词称呼自己的孩子,于是将性别不明的they和baby结合,成为theyby。
- At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
- This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
- The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
- There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
- He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
- I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。
- This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
- A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。
- They forced thousands of peasants into their reactionary armies.他们迫使成千上万的农民参加他们的反动军队。
- The reactionary ruling clique was torn by internal strife.反动统治集团内部勾心斗角,四分五裂。