单词：by now
到目前为止
by now的用法和样例：
例句
- He loathed them by now with the particular venom.到如今见了他们，他感到无比厌恶。
- You've been chewing on this affair now a long time.你到如今已经考虑这事好久啦。
- By now optimism had given way to doubt.至此，人们不再乐观，反而疑虑重重。
- The task forces now shot forward in all directions.至此，各方面的工作小组都迅速成立了起来。