万物简史 第372期:进入对流层(13)

The standard way to envision this is to imagine yourself at the center of a large carousel and tossing a ball to someone positioned on the edge. By the time the ball gets to the perimeter, the target person has moved on and the ball passes behind him

万物简史 第363期:进入对流层(4)

Even so, spaceships have to take care in the outer atmosphere, particularly on return trips to Earth, 即使这样，宇宙飞船在外层大气也不得不小心翼翼，尤其是在重返地球的过程中。 as the space shuttle Columbia demonstra

万物简史 第361期:进入对流层(2)

From ground level to its highest point, the troposphere (or turning sphere) 从地面到最高点，对流层（亦称对流圈） is about ten miles thick at the equator and no more than six or seven miles high in the temperate latitudes where most

万物简史 第360期:进入对流层(1)

17 Into the Troposphere 第十七章 进入对流层 Thank goodness for the atmosphere. It keeps us warm. 谢天谢地，我们有了大气。它使我们有了个温暖的环境。 Without it, Earth would be a lifeless ball of ice with an average te

万物简史 第347期:孤独的行星(12)

In terms of adaptability, humans are pretty amazingly useless. 就适应能力而言，我们人类是很没有本事的。 Like most animals, we don't much like really hot places, but because we sweat so freely and easily stroke, we are especially v

万物简史 第344期:孤独的行星(9)

It has been suggested, not altogether cynically, that this was out of a purely contrarian instinct, 有人认为。而且不完全是挖苦地认为，这纯粹是出于一种敌对的本能。 and that if he had been born in the Soviet Union he woul

万物简史 第340期:孤独的行星(5)

If the pressure is changed too rapidlyas with a too-quick ascent by a diver, 要是压力变化太大比如潜水员上升太快， the bubbles trapped within the body will begin to fizz in exactly the manner of a freshly opened bottle of champagne, 体

万物简史 第339期:孤独的行星(4)

In the days of diving suitsthe sort that were connected to the surface by long hoses, 在使用潜水衣即用长管子连接水面的那种装备的年代， divers sometimes experienced a dreaded phenomenon known as the squeeze. 潜水员有时候会

万物简史 第335期:美丽而危险(18)

It's a kind of genetic photocopying, and it became the basis for all subsequent genetic science, from academic studies to police forensic work. 这一种复制基因的方法后来成了遗传科学的基础，无论是对于学术研究，还是对于

万物简史 第341期:孤独的行星(6)

However, when at length they emerged into the fresh air of a London evening, 然而，当他们最后走进伦敦夜晚的新鲜空气里的时候， the bubbles sprang instantly to fizziness, memorably enlivening the digestive process. 气泡立刻泛

万物简史 第326期:美丽而危险(9)

And in between there's everything you could possibly imagine. 介于二者之间的东西应有尽有，只要你想得出来。 I've never been any place where geology is more evidentor prettier. 我从来没有见过哪个地方，地质情况是如此

万物简史 第324期:美丽而危险(7)

All this was hypothetically interesting until 1973, when an odd occurrence made it suddenly momentous: 这一切都很有意思，但都是假设的。直到1973年，一件怪事发生了，突然之间那个假设变得很有意义： water in Yell

万物简史 第310期:地下的烈火(18)

So all that can be said is that at some slightly indeterminate point as we head toward the center of Earth we leave the asthenosphere and plunge into pure mantle. 因此，我们只能说，在前往地球中心的过程中，我们会在某个不大确

万物简史 第309期:地下的烈火(17)

The hour hand on a clock moves about ten thousand times faster than the flowing rocks of the mantle. 钟面上时针的移动速度，比地幔岩石的流动速度，要快大约1万倍。 The movements occur not just laterally as the Earth's plates

万物简史 第307期:地下的烈火(15)

So how much do we know about what's inside the Earth? Very little. 因此说，我们对地球的内部情况究竟了解多少？很少。 Scientists are generally agreed that the world beneath us is composed of four layers, 科学家们普遍认为，

万物简史 第306期:地下的烈火(14)

Because we can't see into the Earth, we have to use other techniques, which mostly involve reading waves as they travel through the interior. 我们无法看到地球的深处，因此不得不使用别的方法，主要包括观察波在地球内部的

万物简史 第305期:地下的烈火(13)

Four years later, Soviet scientists decided to try their luck on dry land. 4年以后，苏联科学家决定在陆地上碰碰运气。 They chose a spot on Russia's Kola Peninsula, near the Finnish border, and set to work with the hope of drilling

万物简史 第298期:地下的烈火(6)

He had discovered the boundary between the crust and the layer immediately below, the mantle; 他发现地壳与下面一层即地幔的界线， this zone has been known ever since as the Mohorovicic discontinuity, or Moho for short. 此后，这个区

万物简史 第293期:地下的烈火(1)

14 The Fire Below 第十四章 地下的烈火 In the summer of 1971, a young geologist named Mike Voorhies was scouting around on some grassy farmland in eastern Nebraska, 1971年夏，一位名叫迈克沃里斯的年轻地质学家在内布拉斯加

万物简史 第292期:砰!(27)

For most of the time of the object's approach we would exist in a kind of cone of uncertainty. 在那个物体渐渐逼近的大部分时间里，我们会生活在某种无法确定的状态之中。 It would certainly be the most interesting few mo