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In 1504, Leonardos father, Ser Piero, died. He was seventy-eight years old. There was no will, and Leonardo ended up receiving nothing. All the money went to Ser Pieros other children. Then, in 1507, Leonardos uncle Francesco died. He had been the on
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IN THE SECOND CENTURY A.D., THERE WAS A FAMOUS GREEK ASTRONOMER NAMED PTOLEMY. HE BELIEVED THAT THE EARTH WAS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE. THE OTHER PLANETS AND THE SUN MOVED AROUND THE EARTH. PEOPLE ACCEPTED THIS BELIEF UNTIL THE MIDDLE OF THE 1500S.
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THE FRENCH WORD RENAISSANCE MEANS REBIRTH. IT IS THE NAME GIVEN TO ONE OF THE MOST EXCITING PERIODS IN HISTORY. ITS IMPOSSIBLE TO GIVE EXACT DATES. BUT THE RENAISSANCE LASTED FROM THE EARLY OR MIDDLE 1400S TO AROUND 1600. THE WORD IS FRENCH, BUT THE
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IN LEONARDOS TIME, PATRONS ORDERED TWO KINDS OF PAINTINGS. THEY EITHER WANTED PORTRAITS, WHICH WERE PICTURES OF THEMSELVES OR FAMILY MEMBERS, OR THEY WANTED RELIGIOUS PAINTINGS, WHICH SHOWED MOMENTS FROM THE LIFE OF JESUS AND THE SAINTS. THERE WERE N
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PARCHMENT IS MADE FROM THE SKINS OF ANIMALS SUCH AS SHEEP, CALVES, OR GOATS. THE SKIN IS DRIED AND TREATED UNTIL IT BECOMES FLAT AND PAPERLIKE. PARCHMENT IS MUCH STRONGER THAN PAPER. IT IS MORE EXPENSIVE, TOO. THE BEAUTIFUL PRAYER BOOKS AND BIBLES CO
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During Amenhoteps sixteen-year-long rule, the empire did not run smoothly. The lands under Egypts control had to pay tribute. This meant that every year they had to send riches to the pharaoh. For instance, from Nubia in the south came gold. Lebanon
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Of course, Tut had no way of knowing that he would die young. Nevertheless, hed already started planning his tomb before his death. Why? The ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. Life after death was very much like life on Earth. In fact, it wa
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Jefferson kept his promise to Sally Hemings. All four of their children were freed while Jefferson was still living or by the terms of his will. Their son Beverley and daughter Harriet settled in Washington, D.C. Madison moved to Ohio, earning a livi
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The door of the Perkins School had slammed shut, but another door opened. Annie learned about a new school for deaf children. Two menDr. Thomas Humason and John Wrightstarted the school in 1894 in New York City and it sounded perfect for Helen. But h
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TIMELINE OF ANNE FRANKS LIFE 1929Anne Frank is born on June 12, in Frankfurt am Main, Germany 1933Edith and Margot Frank move to the Netherlands 1934Anne and her father join the rest of the family in Amsterdam 1941Anne and Margot attend the Jewish Sc
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The day Anne turned thirteen, in June of 1942, one important person was not there. Oma had died that winter. Anne said that her birthday didnt mean much without her granny. But in the Frank family, there was always a lovely birthday party. This year,
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The Nazis robbed Jewish people of their rights, one by one. The Germans also took pleasure in making public spectacles of the Jews. They wanted to shame them. In the summer of 1941, the Nazis decided that Jewish children could not return to their old
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The Netherlands was now an occupied country. That meant the Germans were in control. Up went Nazi flags. Right away, life began to change for everyone. But it changed most of all for the Jews. Now all Jewseven children like Anne and her sisterhad to
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Anne Frank was born on June 12, 1929, in the city of Frankfurt, Germany. Twelve days later, little baby Anne and her mother, Edith, came home from the hospital. The Franks were like many other families of the time. Annes father, Otto, was a businessm
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By 1931, there were many changes in the world of flying. Slow, wood-framed airplanes had been replaced with faster all-metal models. The new planes had better instruments. Pilots could find their locations more easily and fly more safely. The newer p
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From Washington, D.C., Annie and Helen made their way by train to Boston. At Perkins, Helen met the now middle-aged Laura Bridgman. The meeting was a disappointment, however. Laura thought that Helen was too much of a tomboy. Helen sat on the floor.
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Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Her father, Arthur Keller, had fought in the Civil War for the South. After the war, he went home to his farm. After his first wife died, he married a woman named Kate Adams. His two sons
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In October 1910, Franklin began his first campaign. Eleanor wanted to be with him, but she had just given birth to Elliott. So she stayed home. She wrote Franklin every day. She encouraged him to speak out to people. And so Franklin bought a car and
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Zhuangzi 庄子 Zhuangzi was probably the poorest among the philosophers before the Qin Dynasty. During the difficult times, according to his disciples, he had to earn his living by making straw sandals and even borrowed food from others when he did
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Aristotle 亚里士多德 Aristotle was bom in Stageira, Chalcidice, in 384 BC. His father was the personal physician to King Amyntas of Macedon. Aristotle was trained and educated as a member of the aristocracy. At about the age of eighteen, he went
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