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But then if you think about it, the squid has this terrible problem 但是如果你再深入地想一下,这乌贼会有一个可怕的问题, because it's got this dying, thick culture of bacteria and it can't sustain that. 因为在它的体内,
And the final thing is, again just to reiterate that there's this practical part, 最后,只是再一次重申,这个研究的实际应用方面, and so we've made these anti-quorum sensing molecules that are being developed as new kinds of the
And what I would hope that I could further argue to you is that this is the invention of multicellularity. 我希望能进一步地说服你们的是,这就是多细胞生物的起源。 Bacteria have been on the Earth for billions of years; humans
To finish I'll just show you the strategy. 最后,我只跟你们说一下战略。 And this one I'm just using the interspecies molecule, but the logic is exactly the same. 在这里,我们只是使用跨菌种分子,但是思维逻辑是一模一
So we went back to molecular biology and started studying different bacteria, 所以我们回到分子生物学的方法,开始研究不同的细菌, and what we've found now is that in fact, bacteria are multilingual. 我们现在已经发现,事
We also then went to look at what are these molecules -- these were the red triangles on my slides before. 我们同时也研究了这些小分子,这些就是我刚才幻灯上的小红三角形。 And so this is the Vibrio fischeri molecule. This
Why this is interesting is because in the past decade we have found that this is not just some anomaly of this ridiculous, 这个发现之所以有趣,是因为在过去十年间,我们发现这种现象不只局限在这种古怪的、 glow-in-t
What was actually interesting to us was not that the bacteria made light, but when the bacteria made light. 事实上,我们感兴趣的部分并不是细菌会不会发光,而是细菌何时发光。 What we noticed is when the bacteria were alo
中国学生往往意识不到,在用英语进行表达的同时,还伴随着体态语言。英语中有一句谚语是这样说的 :Actions speak louder than words。 这句话的underlying meaning(内在含义)是事实胜于雄辩,我们不妨