新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第一册 unit02 b

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　　|@|<1>concept     |n.|[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；观念

　　||        ||The concept that "big is beautiful" is no longer as popular as it was. |“大就是美”这种观念不再那么流行了。

　　||        ||This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists. |本节介绍了许多社会学家使用的某些基本概念。

　　||<2>consistency |n.|[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；连贯性

　　||        ||Your work lacks consistency. Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes. |你的工作缺乏稳定性，有时做得很好，有时则错误百出。

　　||        ||Consistency of performance depends on several factors. |表演的稳定依赖于几种因素。

　　|@|<3>response    |n.|1.[C] a reply |回答

　　||        ||I've sent out 20 letters of enquiry but I haven't had any responses yet. |我发出了20封询问信，但还没有收到回复。

　　||        ||Her response was to leave the room and slam the door. |她的反应是离开房间把门砰地关上。

　　||        ||2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth. |反应，回应

　　||        ||She opened the door in response to the knock. |听到敲门后她便开了门。

　　||        ||The report has aroused a strong response from the readers. |这篇报道引起了读者的强烈反应。

　　|★|<4>refute      |vt.|prove that sb. or sth. is not correct |反驳，驳斥

　　||        ||The view that the world is flat was refuted long ago. |地球是扁的这一观点早就被驳斥了。

　　||        ||I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story. |我知道他在撒谎，但我没有证据反驳他。

　　|@|<5>tend        |vi.|be likely to do sth. |倾向于，趋于

　　||        ||People tend to need less sleep as they grow older. |随着年龄增长，人们对睡眠的需求往往在减少。

　　||        ||It tends to rain here a lot in the spring. |这里春天往往雨水很多。

　　||        |vt.|take care of; look after |照料，照顾

　　||        ||She tended her husband during his long illness. |丈夫长期卧病，她一直照料他。

　　||        ||Jane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out. |发生火灾时，简在外面护理花园。

　　|@|<6>evaluate    |vt.|judge the value, quality, or degree of sth. |评价；评估

　　||        ||The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success. |该学校仅开办了六个月，现在很难估计其成绩。

　　||        ||It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments. |很难评估不同治疗方法的效果。

　　||<7>　<em>evaluation</em>  |n.  |[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth. |评估；评价

　　||        ||We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system. |我们需要对这个新的系统做适当评估。

　　||        ||They took some samples of products for evaluation. |他们取了一些样品进行评估。

　　|@|<8>guidance    |n.|[U] help and advice |指导，引导

　　||        ||They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses. |他们给开始自己创业的人提供切实可行的指导。

　　||        ||Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application. |你的老师可以指导你如何选择职业和写就业申请。

　　||<9>career      |n.|[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |职业；一生的事业

　　||        ||His career in politics is rather successful. |他的政治生涯很成功。

　　||        ||Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career. |总的说来，我对自己事业中的转机很满意。

　　|@|<10>trend      |n.|[C] a change toward sth. new or different |趋势；倾向

　　||        ||Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees. | 近来的一种趋势是雇用年轻的员工。

　　||        ||A lot of the students don't think for themselves; they just follow the latest trends. |很多学生不用脑思考，他们只会跟随最新潮流。

　　|@|<11>apply      |vt.|use sth. such as a method, idea, etc. |使用，应用

　　||        ||New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field. |新技术被应用到几乎每个工业领域。

　　||        ||These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice. |这些思想在实践中往往难以应用。

　　||        |vi.|request sth., esp. in writing |申请

　　||        ||She said she would apply to the department for a computer. |她说她会向系里申请要部电脑。

　　||        ||How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到这份工作之前，你申请了多少工作？

　　|@|<12>individual |a.|single or particular |单个的；个别的

　　||        ||The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools. |教育部门决定总的教育方针，但确切的细节留待各个学校自己处理。

　　||        ||He has his own individual method of organizing his work. |他以自己独特的方式组织自己的工作。

　　||        |n.|[C] one single person or thing |个人；个体

　　||        ||Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社会的需求比个人的权利更重要吗？

　　||        ||Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual. |这药的效果因人而异。

　　|■|<13>teen       |n.|[C] (infml.) a teenager |少年，十几岁的孩子

　　||        ||Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies. |许多十多岁的孩子学习时依然依赖父母给予帮助。

　　||        ||Seeing the police, the teens ran away. |一看到警察，这些少年就跑开了。

　　|@|<14>relate     |vi.|(to) be able to understand a situation or the way sb. feels or thinks |理解；适应；和睦相处

　　||        ||The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to. |该杂志讨论的科学话题一般人都能看懂。

　　||        ||Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children. |劳利感到很难与孩子沟通。

　　||        |v.|show or make a connection between two different things |把...联系起来

　　||        ||I don't understand how the two ideas relate. |我不明白这两个观点之间有什么联系。

　　||        ||The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress. |这篇报告认为心脏病与精神压力过大有关。

　　|@|<15>entitle    |vt.|1.give a title to a book, play, etc. |给（书、剧本等）题名；定名

　　||        ||Have you read the novel entitled <em>Crime and Punishment</em>? |你读过《罪与罚》这部小说吗？

　　||        ||The last song is entitled "Into the Woods". |最后一首歌叫《走进森林》。

　　||        ||2.give sb. the right to have or do sth. |使有权做；给予...的资格

　　||        ||Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities. |只有公司职员有权享用这些设施。

　　||        ||Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets. |成为会员可以使你享受折扣票。

　　|@|<16>attitude   |n.| [C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb. or sth. |态度；心态

　　||        ||She shows a very positive attitude to her work. |她的工作态度很积极。

　　||        ||Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility. |官员的态度是，这问题不是他们的责任。

　　|▲|<17>contagious |a.|1. (of an action, thought, etc.) that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

　　||        ||Her contagious smile impressed me most. | 她的微笑富有感染力，给我留下深刻印象。

　　||        ||Trust is contagious. You trust other people and they will trust you. |信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

　　||        ||2. (of a disease) that can be passed from one person to another |传染的

　　||        ||Measles is highly contagious. |麻疹的传染性很强。

　　||        ||Most eye infections are contagious. |多数眼睛感染是会传染的。

　　|@|<18>confidence |n.|1.[U] the belief that one can do sth. well |信心，把握

　　||        ||The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years. |那家公司对未来五年充满信心。

　　||        ||I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up. |我对自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成绩也提高了。

　　||        ||2.[U] the belief that sb. or sth. is good and one can trust them |信任，信赖

　　||        ||We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job. |我们完全相信你有能力做这项工作。

　　||        ||What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product. |最重要的是要保持消费者对我们产品的信赖。

　　||<19>　<em>self-confidence</em> |n.     |[U] confidence in oneself |自信

　　||             |     |Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence. |她通过了考试，这帮助她获得了自信。

　　||             |     |He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence. |他干这项工作是个新手，但是他非常自信。

　　|@|<20>sound      |vi.|(linking verb) seem |听起来；好像

　　||        ||This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works. |这个建议听起来很好，而且我很想看如何实施它。

　　||        ||It sounds to me as if he needs professional help. |我觉得他好像需要职业帮助。

　　|■|<21>interrogation  |n.|[C, U] the process of asking sb. questions for information, sometimes using threats |审问，盘问

　　||        ||He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations. |他说警察审问时他有权保持沉默。

　　||        ||The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information. |通过审问恐怖分子嫌疑犯警察获得了很多信息。

　　|@|<22>adopt      |vt.|1.decide to use sth. |采用；采取

　　||        ||She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married. |她决定婚后不从夫姓。

　　||        ||These standards have been adopted by many cities; others have established their own standards. |很多城市采用了这些标准；其他城市建立了自己的标准。

　　||        ||2.take sb. else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收养，领养

　　||        ||The couple adopted a baby boy. |那对夫妇领养了一个男婴。

　　||        ||She was adopted when she was four. |他四岁时被人领养了。

　　|@|<23>curiosity  |n.|[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲

　　||        ||She asked the question out of curiosity. |她问这个问题是出于好奇心。

　　||        ||The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people. |这条新闻引起了当地人的极大好奇心。

　　|@|<24>view       |n.|1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth. |观点，意见

　　||        ||In my view, she has done nothing wrong. |依我看，她没有做错。

　　||        ||I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime. |我不同意判重刑会阻止人们犯罪这一观点。

　　||        ||2.[U] ability to see sth.; sight |视力；视线

　　||        ||The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那辆车拐过街角就从我们的视线中消失了。

　　||        ||Frank hit him in full view of all the guests. |弗兰克当着所有客人的面打了他。

　　|@|<25>oppose     |vt.|disagree with sth. such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反对

　　||        ||Some people oppose the use of death penalty. |有的人反对使用死刑。

　　||        ||The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby. |当地居民反对在附近修建机场。

　　|★|<26>rebellion  |n.|[C, U] opposition to sb. in authority; refusal to obey |反抗；反对；对（权威等的）蔑视

　　||        ||As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved. |工人们反抗的结果是，他们的工作条件得到了改善。

　　||        ||Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about. |青少年叛逆是很多父母关心的事情。

　　|▲|<27>chore      |n.|[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp. in a house |家庭杂务；日常零星工作

　　||        ||Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time. |购物、家务等日常杂务占去了她很多时间。

　　||        ||Husbands should do their share of the household chores. |丈夫也应该承担部分家务活。

　　|@|<28>conflict   |n.|[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |冲突；争论

　　||        ||There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need. |他们所做的事与我们的需要有冲突。

　　||        ||I came into conflict with one of my key managers. |我与我的一个重要经理发生了冲突。

　　||        |vi.|(of ideas, beliefs, etc.) cannot exist together or both be true |冲突；抵触

　　||        ||His statement and yours conflict. |他的话和你的话相互矛盾。

　　||        ||The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests. |公司想赚大钱，这往往与顾客的利益冲突。

　　|▲|<29>credibility |n. |[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

　　||         | |The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry. |这一事故损坏了核能工业的可信度。

　　||         | |There are questions about the credibility of these reports. |对于这些报道的可靠性，有人提出了质疑。

　　|@|<30>ruin|vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毁坏，毁掉

　　||        ||The war ruined the ancient city. |战争毁掉了那座古城。

　　||        ||A long strike would ruin the company. |长期罢工会毁掉这家公司。

　　|▲|<31>carton     |n.|[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬纸盒；塑料盒

　　||        ||a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

　　||        ||I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton. |我拿了一支圆珠笔，在盒子上戳了个洞。

　　|@|<32>admit|vt.|accept or agree that sth. is true or sb. is right |接受；承认

　　||        ||He admitted his guilt. |他承认有罪。

　　||        ||You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job. |你可能不喜欢她，但你得承认她工作很出色。

　　||<33>acceptance |n.|[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；认可

　　||        ||The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts. |这一新理论正被专家所接受。

　　||        ||His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us. |无论发生什么，他都能冷静接受，这使我们很吃惊。

　　||<34>　<em>self-acceptance<em> |n.     |[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

　　||             |     |Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you. |自我接受也许比让别人接受你更难。

　　||             |     |Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters. |自我接受对多数青少年来说很重要。

　　||<35>tolerance  |n.|[U] the ability to accept or allow sth. that one does not like or agree with |包容；宽容

　　||        ||We should have tolerance for those with different views. |我们应该包容不同意见的人。

　　||        ||My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error. |我最大的缺点是我不能容忍任何错误。

　　||<36>perfection |n.|[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美

　　||        ||He aims at perfection in everything he does. |他做事样样追求完美。

　　||        ||The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep. True beauty comes from the inside. |外貌的完美是肤浅之美。真正的美来自内心。

　　||<37>　<em>imperfection<em> |n.     |[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

　　||          |  |He admits that there are imperfections in the social system. |他承认社会制度有不完美的地方。

　　||          |  |The design of the test has some imperfections. |这一考试的设计有不完美的地方。

　　|@|<38>approach|v.|move closer |接近，靠近

　　||        ||She heard footsteps approaching from behind. |她听到身后有脚步声向她靠近。

　　||        ||As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs. |在我靠近房子时，我注意到楼上有盏灯亮着。

　　||   |vt.|begin to consider or deal with |处理

　　||        ||What is the best way to approach this problem? |着手处理这个难题的最好办法是什么？

　　||        ||It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way. |或许可以用另一种方式来处理这个问题。

　　||        |n.|1.[C] a method of doing sth. or dealing with a problem |方法；途径

　　||        ||Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children. |父母往往不知道怎样对待十多岁的孩子。

　　||        ||The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter. |处理这个问题，公司需要一种不同的方法。

　　||        ||2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

　　||        ||With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food. |冬天来临，动物开始储藏食物。

　　||        ||At their approach the boy ran away. |他们走近时，小男孩跑开了。

　　||<39>　<em>hurtful<em>  |a.|painful to the feelings |伤感情的；刻薄的

　　||        ||His words were hurtful. |他的话很伤感情。

　　||        ||Don't say such hurtful things to your friend. |别对你的朋友说这样伤感情的话。

　　|@|<40>argument   |n.|1.[C] a disagreement, esp. one that is noisy |争论，争吵

　　||        ||She had an argument with her father about music. |她和她父亲为了音乐问题而争吵。

　　||        ||She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left. |她告诉警察，在丈夫离开前，她和他吵了架。

　　||        ||2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth. |论据；论点

　　||        ||His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money. |他的理由是，如果买辆小的车，他们就可以省点钱。

　　||        ||Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |电视里的暴力使人们行为充满暴力，你同意这种观点吗？

　　|@|<41>humor|n.|[U] (BrE humour) the quality of causing fun |幽默；诙谐

　　||        ||It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it. |处境虽然尴尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

　　||        ||Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor. |尽力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

　　|@|<42>possibility |n. |[C, U] sth. that might happen or be true |可能（发生）的事；可能性

　　||         | |There is a strong possibility that they will win the election. |他们很有可能在选举中获胜。

　　||         | |What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天气好转的可能性有多大？

　　|■|<43>awaken|v.|wake up or make sb. wake up |醒来；唤醒

　　||        ||He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning. |他醒来时，发现已是上午10点。

　　||        ||We were awakened by a loud knock at the door. |敲门声音很大，把我们吵醒了。

　　|@|<44>neglect    |vt.|give little or no attention to |忽视，忽略

　　||        ||The garden has been neglected for a long time. |花园已很久没有人照管了。

　　||        ||Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties. |四位保安人员被指控失职。

　　||        |n. |[U] failure to look after sth. or sb. properly |忽略，疏忽

　　||        ||The accident was caused by neglect of duty. |事故是由于玩忽职守引起的。

　　||        ||After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition. |由于几年无人维护，这条路的路况很糟糕。

　　<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>

　　||<45>as a result |because of sth. that has happened |结果是

　　|||There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late. |她由于下大雪而迟到了。

　　|||A terrible earthquake took place last week. As a result, 2,500 people were killed. |上周发生了可怕的地震，结果死了2,500人。

　　||<46>in turn|1.as a result of sth. |因此，转而

　　|||One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter. |一名成员将情况告诉了他的朋友，这个朋友转而将消息告诉了记者。

　　|||Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease. |有压力的环境会导致不良的行为，这反过来会增加患心脏病的危险。

　　|||2.one after the other, esp. in a particular order |依次；轮流

　　|||There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn. |女士们依次发言，听众对每个人报以欢呼。

　　|||We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit. |我们轮流开车，以便大家都能休息一会。

　　||<47>tap into|understand sth. such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

　　|||The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy. |这项调查旨在了解人们对新政策的态度。

　　|||The program helps people tap into more job opportunities. |这个项目帮助人们了解更多的就业机会。

　　||<48>get ahead|make progress or be successful |取得进步；成功

　　|||The best way to get ahead is through hard work. |成功的最佳途径是努力工作。

　　|||She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business. |她很快发现很难在电影业发展。

　　||<49>look to |depend on sb. to do sth. |依赖；指望

　　|||He always looked to his father for advice. |他经常依靠父亲给他提供意见。

　　|||They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable. |他们正指望新经理能使公司赢利。

　　||<50>feel like|feel as if |感觉好像；似乎

　　|||They felt like they were giving away company secrets. |他们觉得好像在泄露公司秘密。

　　|||I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week. |我在那里呆了两天，但觉得好像呆了一周。

　　||<51>the way|(used to introduce a clause) in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

　　|||He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does. |他不像他哥哥常为琐事而操心。

　　|||He tried to decorate his house the way we did. |他尽力像我们一样装修房子。

　　||<52>sound like|seem |听起来；似乎

　　|||Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea. |当医生似乎是个好主意。

　　|||Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday. |马耳他似乎是个度假的好地方。

　　||<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

　　|| |It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me. |让我生气的是他话中的意思，而不是他所说的话。

　　|| |Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them. |发展核科学应该是为了造福人类而不是伤害人类。

　　||<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc. |观点，意见

　　||   |He always put his point of view with courage. |他总是大胆地说出自己的观点。

　　||   |From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly. |从经济角度看，新的发展大大有利于这个城镇。

　　||<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |与...对照；而不是

　　||   |This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory. |这本书讲的商业实务而不是理论。

　　||   |Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher. |学生们展开讨论，而不是单纯地听老师讲。

　　||<56>get across|(cause to) become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

　　|||It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap. |由于文化差异，一些中国笑话很难被外国人理解。

　　|||We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous. |我们必须让人知道这个简单的事实：毒品是很危险的。

　　||<57>be concerned  about |give one's attention to or worry about sb. or sth.|担心

　　|||If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately. |如果你担心婴儿的健康，就立刻带他去看医生。

　　|||She is concerned about her son's performance at school. |她很担心儿子在学校的成绩。

　　||<58>check in|1.(AmE) call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打电话报平安

　　|||He called to check in and tell us how he was doing. |他打电话报平安，告诉我们他的情况。

　　|||She checks in with her mother at least once a week. |她一个星期至少打一次电话给妈妈报平安。

　　|||2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc. |登记入住；办登机手续

　　|||We've checked in at a local hotel. |我们已在当地一家旅馆办理了入住手续。

　　|||Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves. |旅客要在起飞前两小时办理登机手续。

　　||<59>put sth. away |put sth. where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好

　　||   |Put the books away on the bookshelf. |把书放回到书架上。

　　||   |He put his toys away every night. |他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

　　||<60>lose one's cool |lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷静

　　|||His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again. |男孩又迟到了，他的老师很生气。

　　|||I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner. |我真不该生气，做出那样的行为。

　　||<61>awaken sb. to sth. |make sb. aware of sth. |使某人意识到某事

　　|||We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment. |我们必须使人们认识到保护环境的必要性。

　　|||The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|这个节目让我们认识到污染的危害。