新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第一册 unit10 a

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　　|@|<1>demonstrate  |vt.|1. show or prove sth. clearly |表明；证明

　　|| ||The study demonstrated that good performance is related to good learning habit. |研究表明好成绩与良好的学习习惯有关。

　　|| ||His last remark demonstrates his total ignorance of the subject. |他最后一段话证明他对这个问题一无所知。

　　||        ||2. show and explain how to do sth. or how sth. works |演示；示范

　　|| ||The teacher demonstrated how to do the experiment. |老师演示了如何做这个实验。

　　|| ||The company demonstrated its new solar power system before a large audience. |公司在一大群观众面前演示了新的太阳能系统。

　　|||vi.|take part in a march to protest or support sth. |示威；游行

　　|| ||Thousands of workers gathered to demonstrate against bad working condition. |数千名工人聚在一起举行示威反对恶劣的工作环境。

　　|| ||A large group of people were demonstrating in front of the factory, which had polluted the river. |一大群人在工厂门口示威，抗议该厂污染了河流。

　　|@|<2>integrity |n.|1. [U] the quality of being honest |诚实；正直

　　|| ||He's a person of great integrity who will say exactly what he thinks. |他这个人很诚实，不会口是心非。

　　|| ||A good judge must act with integrity at all times. |一个好法官在任何时候都必须以诚信办事做人。

　　|| ||2. [U] the state of being complete |完整；完全

　　|| ||mutual respect of territorial integrity |互相尊重领土完整

　　|| ||We should try our best to keep our cultural integrity intact. |我们应该尽力保持我们的文化完整无损。

　　||<3>morality|n.|[U] beliefs about what is right and wrong |道德；道德观

　　||||It's not a question of morality but a question of law. |这不是道德问题，而是法律问题。

　　||||We do not often consider the morality of our daily actions, though that should occupy a high position in our thinking. |虽然道德应在我们心目中占重要位置，可我们很少关心日常行为的道德问题。

　　|@|<4>boundary|n.|1. [C] the farthest limit of sth. |界限；局限

　　||||the boundaries of human thought |人类思想的局限

　　||||The boundaries of human knowledge are constantly being extended. |人类知识的限度在不断地扩展。

　　||||2. [C] the dividing line, esp. between two areas of land |边界

　　||||The main road is the boundary between the two districts. |这条干线是两区的分界。

　　||||The lake forms part of the boundary between the two countries. |这个湖成了两国边界的一部分。

　　||<5>convenience |n.|[U] a condition that makes it easier to do sth. |方便；便利

　　||        ||The great convenience of your house is its position. |你的房子最大的便利在于其所处的位置。

　　||        ||This building was designed for the convenience of disabled people. |这栋房子是为方便伤残人而设计的。

　　||<6>inner       |a.|1. personal or secret |内心的；隐秘的

　　||        ||She keeps her inner thought to herself. |她不向别人透露她的内心思想。

　　||        ||She'll need great inner strength to get through the difficulty. |她需要强大的心理力量来度过这个难关。

　　||        ||2. inside |内部的；里面的

　　||        ||Life in the inner city is different than that of the suburbs. |旧城区的生活与郊区的不同。

　　||        ||The London railway that is under the ground has an inner circle and an outer circle. |伦敦地铁有内环线和外环线。

　　||<7>compass     |n.|1. [C] a tool for showing direction, with a needle pointing north |指南针

　　||        ||a map and a compass |一张地图和一个指南针

　　||        ||According to the compass, we are traveling southeast. |根据指南针，我们正向东南方向走。

　　||        ||2. [C] (also ~es) a tool used for drawing a circle |圆规

　　||        ||a pair of compasses |一副圆规

　　||        ||I will need a compass to draw a circle. |我需要一个圆规来画圈。

　　|@|<8>scarce|a.|not much or many compared with what is wanted |不足的；缺乏的

　　||        ||Chairs that are older than one hundred years are scarce. |百年以上的旧椅子不多了。

　　||        ||Because there is little water in the desert, trees are scarce. |由于沙漠中缺水，树很少见。

　　||<9>triangle    |n. |[C] a figure or shape with three straight sides and three corners |三角（形）

　　||        ||a triangle of land |一块三角形的地

　　||        ||How many sides does a triangle have? |三角形有几条边?

　　|@|<10>consist    |vi.|(of) be made up of |由...组成

　　||        ||The supper consisted of several different Italian dishes. |晚饭有几道不同的意大利菜。

　　||        ||The audience consisted mainly of teenagers. |观众主要是青少年。

　　||<11>firm |a.|strong or steady and not likely to change |坚定的；稳定的

　　||        ||Have you got a firm date for your holiday yet? |你决定了度假的日期没有？

　　||        ||I'm a firm believer in always telling the truth. |我坚信应该说真话。

　　||<12>　<em>firmly</em> |ad.    |strongly; steadily |坚定地；稳定地

　　||        ||I firmly believe that we are justified in taking this course of action. |我坚信我们采取这一行动是正当的。

　　||        ||She holds his arm firmly to keep balance. |她紧紧地抓着他的胳膊来保持平衡。

　　|★|<13>surgical |a.|of or used for surgery |外科（手术）的

　　||        ||surgical instruments |手术器具

　　||        ||a surgical procedure |手术程序

　　||<14>assistance |n.|[U] help or support |帮助；援助

　　||        ||Unless given more financial assistance, the school will have to close. |如果得不到更多财政援助，学校就得停办。

　　||        ||I was given some assistance in coming to my decision. |我作出这个决定时得到过一些帮助。

　　|@|<15>ensure     |vt.    |make sure that sth. will happen properly |确保；保证

　　||        ||Careful planning and hard work ensured the success of the party. |精心规划加上努力工作确保了晚会的成功。

　　||        ||A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. |一封介绍信可确保你有机会去参加面试。

　　||<16>instrument |n.|1. [C] a tool that is used for doing a particular job |工具，器具

　　||        ||A compass and a clock are the most essential instruments in sailing. |指南针和时钟是航海时最基本的工具。

　　||        ||The company specializes in producing high quality scientific instruments. |这家公司专门生产高质量的科学仪器。

　　||||2. [C] sth. used for making music |乐器

　　||        ||My favorite instruments come from the woodwind family. |我最喜欢的乐器是木管乐器。

　　||        ||She hoped to learn a more difficult instrument in the future. |她希望将来能学会一种难点的乐器。

　　||<17>sponge|n.|[C] |海绵

　　||        ||Use a sponge to clean up the water. |用海绵把水擦掉。

　　||        ||She cleaned the table with a sponge. | 她用海绵来擦桌子。

　　|@|<18>assure     |vt. |1. tell sb. that sth. will definitely happen or is definitely true |使确信

　　||        ||Her doctor has assured us that she'll be fine. |她的医生向我们担保她会好起来。

　　||        ||The dealer had assured me of its quality. |这位卖主向我保证它的质量。

　　||        | |2. make certain sth. will happen |确保

　　||        ||He was assured a well-paid job after graduation. |有人保证他毕业后获得待遇优厚的工作。

　　||        ||His hard working assured his success. |他的勤奋确保了他的成功。

　　|@|<19>protest|v.     |strongly disagree with sth. |反对；抗议

　　||        ||There was a large crowd in the square, protesting against the war. |广场上聚集了一大群人，他们是在抗议战争。

　　||        ||“I don't see why I should take blame for this!” She protested. |她抗议道：“为什么要我承担责任！”

　　|||vt.    |state very firmly that sth. is true |申明；断言

　　||        ||The charged man protested his innocence. |被指控的男子宣称自己是无辜的。

　　||        ||She protested that she knew nothing of their plans. |她宣称对他们的计划一无所知。

　　|||n.     |[C, U] a strong complaint or disagreement |抗议

　　||        ||We've received thousands of letters of protest. |我们已收到数以千计的抗议信。

　　||        ||The center has been closed after protests from local residents. |当地居民抗议后，中心便关闭了。

　　||<20>concede    |v.|yield; admit defeat |让步；认输

　　||        ||He had to concede in the third round. |第三回合他不得不认输。

　　||        ||Finally the company conceded wage increases to their workers. |最后，公司只好同意给工人增加工资。

　　||        |vt.|admit sth. is true, often unwillingly |承认

　　||        ||He had to concede that it was his fault. |他不得不承认是他错了。

　　||        ||I concede that a larger house would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one. |我承认大房子花费更高，但我仍认为我们该买一套。

　　|@|<21>intelligent|a. |smart or bright |聪明的

　　||        ||a group of highly intelligent students |一群非常聪明的学生

　　||        ||She was once described as the most intelligent woman in America. |她曾被描述为美国最有智慧的女人。

　　|@|<22>clarify    |vt.    |make clear; explain |澄清；解释

　　||        ||The report aims to clarify how these conclusions were reached. |报告旨在解释这些结论是怎么来的。

　　||        ||Reporters asked him to clarify his position on welfare reform. |记者请他解释他对福利改革的态度。

　　|@|<23>appoint |vt.|choose sb. for a position or job |任命

　　||        ||They appointed him (to be) chairman. |他们任命他为主席。

　　||        ||A new school secretary should be appointed. |应该任命一位新的校秘书。

　　||<24>progressive|a.|1. happening or developing gradually |逐渐发展的

　　||        ||The past five years saw the progressive development of the city. |这个城市在过去的五年里逐步发展。

　　||        ||The result is a progressive decline in physical abilities. |结果是体力渐渐下降。

　　||||2. improving or changing according to new ideas |进步的，先进的

　　||        ||a progressive administration |先进的管理

　　||        ||This is a progressive firm that uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. |这家公司很先进，采用了最现代的经营方法。

　　||<25>　<em>progressively</em> |ad.    |gradually and steadily |逐渐地

　　||            |     |Her homework became progressively worse. |她的家庭作业一次比一次差。

　　||            |     |The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced. |银行的贷款一次比一次少。

　　|@|<26>dwarf|n.     |[C] a person who is much smaller than usual size |侏儒

　　||        ||<em>Snow White and Seven Dwarfs</em>|《白雪公主和七个小矮人》

　　||        ||For the moment she had forgotten that he was a dwarf. |有一会，她忘记了他是个侏儒。

　　||<27>giant      |n.|1. [C] a person who is much bigger than usual size |巨人

　　||        ||Then a giant appeared from the cave. |然后一个巨人从洞中走出来。

　　||        ||2. [C] a person of great ability |伟人

　　||        ||He is one of the giants in the field of science. |他是科学界的一位巨匠。

　　||        ||Shakespeare is a giant among writers. |莎士比亚在作家中是位大师。

　　||        |a.|extremely large |巨大的

　　||        ||a giant TV screen |大电视屏幕

　　||        ||The forest is full of giant snakes and spiders. |森林里有很多巨蛇和大蜘蛛。

　　||<28>genuine    |a. |real; true |真的；真实的

　　||        ||They're convinced that the picture is genuine. |他们相信这幅画是真品。

　　||        ||If the offer is genuine I will gladly accept it. |如果是真心帮忙，我将乐于接受。

　　||<29>core       |a. |most important or most basic |核心的

　　||        ||Schools should deliver core skills. |学校应该传授核心技能。

　　||        ||The core subjects are math, Chinese and science. |核心课程是数学、语文和科学。

　　||        |n.|[C]  the central or most important part |核心

　　||        ||The core of the book focuses on the history of language development. |本书的核心内容是语言发展的历史。

　　||        ||This is the core of the discussion. |这是讨论的核心内容。

　　|@|<30>rely       |vi.|(on) depend on; trust in |依赖；信赖

　　||        ||They have to rely on the river for their water. |他们用水只好依靠这条河。

　　||        ||The old lady had to rely on other people to do her shopping for her. |那位老太太得依靠别人替她购物。

　　||<31>external   |a.|1. easily seen but not essential; on the surface |外在的，表面的

　　||        ||Judged by his external appearances he was a quiet man.|从外表看，他是个文静的人。

　　||        ||Many external factors affect the market in this country. |许多外界因素影响着这个国家的市场。

　　||||2. outside |外部的，外面的

　　||        ||the external appearance of the building |建筑物的外表

　　||        ||This material is good for the house to keep out external heat. |这材料对防止室外的热量进入屋内很有用。

　　|@|<32>inevitable |a.     |certain to happen or cannot be avoided |不可避免的

　　||        ||With more cars on the road, traffic jams are inevitable. |汽车增加，路上也就少不了交通堵塞。

　　||        ||It was inevitable that she would find out the truth one day. |总有一天她会发现真相的。

　　||<33>　<em>inevitably</em> |ad.    |unavoidably; certainly |不可避免地

　　||        ||The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions. |这一决定将不可避免会导致政治紧张。

　　||        ||Bad weather will inevitably lead to the decline of the output of the wheat. |坏天气不可避免地会导致小麦产量下降。

　　|@|<34>preserve|vt. |1. keep; protect |保存；保护

　　||        ||We will do everything to preserve peace. |我们将尽一切努力维护和平。

　　||        ||Farmers feel that their countryside homes should be preserved. |农民们感到他们在乡下的家应该被保留下来。

　　||||2. store |储存

　　||        ||She preserved the eggs in jars. |她将鸡蛋储存在罐子里。

　　||        ||Here's a recipe for preserving fruit. |这是个储存水果的秘方。

　　|@|<35>tough |a.|1. hard; difficult |艰难的；困难的

　　||        ||It's a tough job. |这是一件难干的活儿。

　　||        ||She's had a tough life. |她生活过得很艰难。

　　||||2. strong and able to deal with difficult situations |坚强的；强壮的

　　||        ||Camels are tough and hardy animals. |骆驼是能吃苦耐劳的动物。

　　||        ||He is very tough and never gives up when facing difficulties. |他很坚强，面对困难从不放弃。

　　|@|<36>mature     |a.  |1. behaving in a sensible way, like an adult |成熟的

　　||        ||Laura is very mature for her age. |就年龄而言，劳拉是很成熟的。

　　||        ||He has become a mature singer. |他已是一位成熟的歌唱家了。

　　||        ||2. fully grown and developed |长熟的，成熟的

　　||        ||The human brain isn't fully mature until about age 25. |人类大脑要到25岁左右才完全发育成熟。

　　||        ||One mature lemon tree like this can produce 300 lemons. |像这样的一棵成熟的柠檬树能结300个柠檬。

　　|@|<37>conscience |n.|[C, U] the sense of right and wrong |良心；良知

　　||        ||Let your conscience be your guide. |凭你的良心办事。

　　||        ||Her guilty conscience made her confess to her crime. |她的犯罪感使她供认了罪行。

　　|@|<38>component  |n.|[C] a necessary or essential part |成分；部件

　　||        ||Exercise is one of the key components of a healthy lifestyle. |锻炼是健康生活方式的主要成分之一。

　　||        ||That factory produced electronic components. |那家工厂生产电子部件。

　　|@|<39>enrich     |vt. |1. improve |改善，改进

　　||        ||Add fertilizer to enrich the soil. |施肥以改进土壤。

　　||        ||The goal of the course is to enrich our understanding of other cultures. |这门课程的目的是提高我们对其他文化的理解。

　　||||2. make rich or richer |使丰富

　　||        ||Education can greatly enrich your life. |教育能大大丰富你的生活。

　　||        ||Many foreign words and phrases have enriched the English language.|许多外来词和短语丰富了英语。

　　|@|<40>fashionable|a.|popular; following the fashion |时髦的，时尚的

　　||        ||Her hats are always fashionable, but they do not always suit her. |她的帽子总是很时髦，可并不都适合她。

　　||        ||We ate at a fashionable new restaurant. |我们是在一家考究的新餐馆吃的饭。

　　|@|<41>yield      |vi.|(to) agree to do sth. that one does not want to do |屈服；屈从

　　||        ||He yields to temptation easily. |他很容易受诱惑。

　　||        ||One shall not yield to the mercy of the enemy. |人不应屈服于敌人的怜悯。

　　||        |vt.|produce |出产；生产

　　||        ||This land yields good crops. |这块地长出了好庄稼。

　　||        ||This investment will yield a big profit. |这项投资会带来丰厚的利润。

　　|@★|<42>tempt     |vt.|make sb. want to have or do sth. |引诱；诱惑

　　||        ||Your offer of a job tempts me greatly. |你为我提供的工作机会真让我动心。

　　||        ||If you leave valuables in your car it will tempt thieves. |如果你把有价值的东西留在车里，那会招来小偷。

　　||<43>attraction |n. |1. [C] sth. that attracts sb. |有吸引力的事物

　　||        ||The elephant was a big attraction at the circus. |马戏中大象很吸引人。

　　||        ||Niagara Falls is a great tourist attraction, drawing millions of visitors every year. |尼亚加拉瀑布是个旅游胜地，每年吸引数百万的游客。

　　||        ||2. [C, U] a quality that makes sth. attractive |吸引；吸引力

　　||        ||I can't understand the attraction of fishing. |我不明白钓鱼的吸引力何在。

　　||        ||The Internet has great attraction for young people. |因特网对年轻人有很大的吸引力。

　　||<44>rear       |a.|at or in the back |后面的

　　||        ||the rear window |后窗

　　||        ||He left by the rear door of the house. |他从房子后门走了。

　　||        |n.|[sing.] the back part; back |后面；背后

　　||        ||The kitchen is in the rear of the house. |厨房在房子的后面。

　　||        ||Smoking is only permitted at the rear of the bus. |只允许在公共汽车的后部吸烟。

　　||<45>　<em>rear-view</em> |n.  |[C] a sight of what is behind |后视

　　||        ||Check your rear-view mirror before you drive away. |开走之前先看看后视镜。

　　||        ||I glance in the rear-view mirror to see other cars close behind, slowing down but then speeding up again. |我望了望后视镜，看着跟在后面的汽车，一会儿减速，一会儿加速。

　　<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>

　　||<46>middle ground  |a position which is between two very different ones |中间道路；折中

　　||    |The negotiators could find no middle ground. |会谈者没有寻找到中间道路。

　　||    |You have to decide either to stay at home or to go out with me. There is no middle ground. |你要么待在家里，要么跟我走，没有折中的办法。

　　||<47>sell out (to)  |do sth. that is disloyal to one's principles or beliefs |出卖（原则或信念等）

　　||    |They spoke of people who had sold out to the enemy. |他们提到了那些背叛投敌的人。

　　||    |The leaders of the trade union were charged with selling out to the managers. |工会领导被指责背叛了自己的立场，倒向了雇主。

　　||<48>at hand    |1. being considered |在考虑中

　　|||What he said has nothing to do with the question at hand. |他所说的与眼下的问题无关。

　　|||Peter turned his attention to the task at hand. |彼德将注意力转向手上的工作。

　　|||2. near in time or place |即将到来；近在手边

　　|||Having the right equipment at hand will be very helpful. |将适当的器具放在手边将会大有帮助。

　　|||Don't worry; help is at hand! |别担心，马上就有人来帮忙。

　　||<49>in short supply |lacking; not quite available |缺货；短缺

　　||     |Fresh water is in short supply. |缺少淡水。

　　||     |These goods are in short supply; therefore, the price will be high. |这些货正短缺，所以价格会上涨。

　　||<50>the bottom line |the most important factor; the main or essential point |重要因素；关键的东西

　　||     |The bottom line is that it's not making any money. |关键是这不赚钱。

　　||     |The bottom line is that it did not get the best out of everybody. |关键是它不能充分发挥每个人的作用。

　　||<51>demand of  |expect sth. from sb. or sth. |期待；要求

　　|||She demands little of others but much of herself. |她对别人要求不高，但对自己要求很高。

　　|||Some parents demand too much of their children. |有些家长对孩子要求太高。

　　||<52>stand for  |1. support a set of aims or principles |主张；支持

　　|||This party stands for equal treatment in employment and fair trading. |这个党派主张平等就业和公平贸易。

　　|||This decision goes against everything I stand for. |这个决定与我所主张的相违背。

　　|||2. represent |代表；象征

　　|||The pigeon stands for peace. |鸽子象征和平 。

　　|||What does ATM stand for? |ATM代表什么？

　　||<53>confront with   |bring face to face with; force to deal with or accept the truth of |面对；对质

　　||     |Fearless hunters confront wild animals with bravery. |胆大的猎人勇敢地面对野兽。

　　||     |When the police confronted her with the evidence, she admitted that she was guilty. |当警察拿出证据与她当面对证时，她承认自己有罪。

　　||<54>think of   |1. consider sb. and their needs or situation |考虑；为...设想

　　|||I was thinking particularly of the children when I chose the house. |我选择这房子主要是为孩子着想。

　　|||You are always thinking of other people. |你总是替别人着想。

　　|||2. remember sb. or sth. |想起；回忆起

　　|||On her way to school Sandy thought of her brother Bill. |在上学的路上，桑迪想起了她哥哥比尔。

　　|||I can't think of the name of the song. |我想不起那首歌的名字了。

　　||<55>do fine    |do a good job |干得好

　　|||I'm doing fine in the school. |我在学校学习还不错。

　　|||Don't worry, you're doing fine. |别担心，你干得不错。

　　||<56>give sb. credit |give sb. praise |赞扬

　　||     |He was given credit for his work. |他因工作出色而受到赞扬。

　　||     |Everybody in the team was given credit for their excellent performance. |队里的每一个人都因为出色的表现得到了赞扬。

　　||<57>in other words  |that is (to say); put in a different way |换言之

　　||     |The flight was cancelled for the bad weather; in other words, we couldn't attend their wedding. |航班因为天气不好而取消了，换言之，我们不能参加他们的婚礼了。

　　||     |The traveling library services have been reorganized; in other words, they visit fewer places. |流动图书服务得到了调整。换言之，他们服务的地方减少了。

　　||<58>win the day     |be successful |获胜；成功

　　||     |Common sense won the day, and the plans were dropped. |常识占了上风，计划被放弃了。

　　||     |On this occasion the strikers won the day and were given a pay increase of 20%. |这一回，罢工者赢了，工资增加了20%。

　　<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>

　　||<59>David Ogilvy   | |戴维·奥格尔维（人名）

　　||<60>Ogilvy & Mather| |奥美广告公司

　　||<61>Robert Schuller| |罗伯特·舒勒（人名）