新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第一册 unit07 a

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　　<TITLE>New Words</TITLE>

　　||<1>cautious    |a.|careful to avoid problems or danger |小心的，谨慎的

　　||||I'm very cautious about expressing my opinions in public. |我对公开发表意见持十分谨慎的态度。

　　||||My brother is a very cautious driver. |我弟弟驾车很小心。

　　||<2>scan|vt.|examine sth. carefully but quickly |细看；审视

　　||||He scanned the horizon, but there was no sign of the ship. |他扫视了地平线一眼，可是没有看到船的影子。

　　||||She scanned his face, looking for signs of what he was thinking. |她细细地察看他的脸，想寻找他正在思考什么的迹象。

　　|||v.|read sth. quickly |浏览，快读

　　||||I scanned the newspaper while I was waiting for the train. |我在等火车时把报纸匆匆浏览了一下。

　　||||I scanned through the page for her name. |我扫了这页一眼找她的名字。

　　|@|<3>unusual     |a.|not usual |不寻常的，不一般的

　　||||It's unusual for Mary to be late. |玛丽迟到是少有的。

　　||||She has a very unusual name. |她有一个很不寻常的名字。

　　||<4>exception |n.|[C, U] sb. or sth. that is not included |例外

　　||||Most of his songs are awful, but this one is an exception. |他的歌大多数很糟糕，但这首例外。

　　||||There's an exception to every rule. |每条规则都有例外。

　　|■|<5>portly      |a.|rather fat |肥胖的

　　||||The lawyer was a tall and portly man with a short neck. |这律师个子高高的，胖胖的，脖子很短。

　　||||Do you know the portly gentleman over there? |你认识那边那位胖胖的先生吗？

　　|@|<6>shave |v.|remove hair from the face or another part of the body with a razor |剃（胡须）；刮（毛发）

　　||||I was shaving when the doorbell rang. |门铃响时我正在剃须。

　　||||I always shave my legs in the bath. |我总是在洗澡时剃去腿上的毛发。

　　||<7>　<em>unshaven</em>|a.|not having shaved |未剃须的，未修面的

　　||||He was unshaven and looked pale. |他胡子拉碴，看上去脸色苍白。

　　||||They told the police the man was about 22 years old and had an unshaven look. |他们告诉警察：这男子大约22岁，未修面。

　　|★|<8>shrub  |n.|[C] a small bush |灌木（丛）

　　||||She planted some roses and shrubs. |她种了一些玫瑰和一些灌木。

　　||||The small house was hidden by shrubs. |这小屋隐藏在灌木丛中。

　　||<9>parking |n.|[U] the act of parking a car or other vehicle |停车；停放

　　||||I couldn't find a parking space near the shops. |商店旁我找不到停车的地方。

　　||||She is not good at parking. |她停车技术不是很好。

　　||<10>pad        |n.|[C] |垫，衬垫

　　||||Insert the cushion pad into the cover. |把软垫塞入垫套中。

　　||||The dress has pads in the shoulders. |这件衣服有垫肩。

　　||<11>pistol     |n.|[C] a small gun one can use with one hand |手枪

　　||        ||They found a loaded pistol in the room. |他们在房间里发现了一把上了膛的手枪。

　　||||He held an automatic pistol in his right hand. |他右手拿着一把自动手枪。

　　|★|<12>contrive  |vi.|succeed in doing sth. in spite of difficulties |设法做到

　　||||She contrived to live well on a very small income. |她设法靠微薄的收入好好生活。

　　||||Somehow she contrived to get tickets for the concert. |不管怎样，她设法弄到了音乐会的票。

　　||<13>toss|vt.|throw sth., esp. sth. light |扔，抛，掷

　　||||She tossed the ball into the air. |她把球抛到了空中。

　　||||He glanced at the letter and then tossed it into the bin. |他扫了一眼信，然后把它扔进了垃圾箱。

　　||<14>bark       |v. |say sth. quickly in a loud  voice |大声嚷，吼叫

　　||||The boss came in, barked some orders, and left again. |头儿走了进来，厉声下达了命令，然后又出去了。

　　||||Don't bark at her. |不要对她大吼大叫。

　　|||vi. |(of dogs) make a loud, short sound |（狗）吠，叫

　　||||His dog always barks at anyone who rings the doorbell. |他家的狗对任何按门铃的人都要叫。

　　||||They heard a dog barking outside. |他们听到一条狗在外面汪汪叫。

　　|@|<15>instinct |n. |[C, U] a natural tendency of behaving in a particular way |本能，天性

　　||||As winter approaches, birds fly south by instinct.|当冬天来临时，鸟儿出于本能飞往南方。

　　||||Animals have natural instinct for survival. |动物有求生的自然本能。

　　||<16>　<em>instinctively</em> |ad.  |without thinking; without having been taught |（出于）本能地，（出于）天性地

　　||||I instinctively raised my arm to protect my face. |我本能地举起手臂保护自己的脸。

　　||||She knew instinctively that he would not forgive her. |她本能地知道他不会原谅她。

　　|@|<17>sideways   |ad.|to or toward one side |向一边，从侧面

　　||||I slipped on the ice and fell sideways. |我在冰上一滑，摔倒在一边。

　　||||The fence is leaning sideways. |围栏在向一边倾斜。

　　|@|<18>slight     |a. |1. thin and light |瘦小的

　　||||He looked too slight to be a boxer. |他看上去很瘦小，不能当拳击手。

　　||||Like most long-distance runners, she is very slight. |像大多数长跑运动员一样，她很瘦小。

　　||||2. small in degree |少量的；轻微的

　　||||She has a slight cold. |她患了轻度感冒。

　　||||There has been a slight change in your work. |你的工作已有所改进。

　　||<19>enlarge|vt.    |make sth. larger |使扩大；使增大

　　||||Good reading enlarges the mind. |好的阅读增长人的才智。

　　||||She had the photograph enlarged. |她把这张照片放大了。

　　|@|<20>polish     |vt.|1. make sth. smooth and shiny by rubbing |擦光，擦亮

　　||||Polish your shoes regularly to protect the leather. |你要经常擦鞋，保护皮革。

　　||||He polished his glasses with a handkerchief. |他用手帕擦了擦眼镜。

　　||        ||2. improve a piece of writing, a speech, etc. |提高，改进

　　||||Your essay is good, you just need to polish it a bit. |你的文章很好，只需要稍加润色。

　　||||The statement was carefully polished and checked before release.|声明在发布前经过了仔细润色和检查。

　　||<21>　<em>polished</em> |a.  |1. shiny because of being rubbed |擦亮的，磨光的

　　||||a polished floor |擦得很亮的地板

　　||||She wears polished boots. |她穿着擦得亮亮的皮鞋。

　　||| |2. done with great skill  |完美的；精湛的

　　||||a polished piece of writing |一篇美文

　　||||Their polished performance won thunderous applause. |他们精湛的表演赢得了雷鸣般的掌声。

　　|@|<22>attach  |vt. |tie or join sth. to sth. else |系；贴

　　||||I attached a name card to my bag. |我在包上贴了一张名片。

　　||||I attached a photo to my application form. |我在申请表上贴了一张照片。

　　||<23>criminal|a.|1. relating to the part of the legal system that deals with crime |刑事的

　　||||He stood before a judge in criminal court and awaited the verdict. |他在刑事法庭上面对法官站着，等待判决。

　　||||Her parents were against her becoming a criminal lawyer. |她的父母反对她当刑事律师。

　　||||2. relating to crime |犯罪的，犯法的

　　||||Stealing is a criminal act. |偷窃是犯罪行为。

　　||||At 17, he had a criminal record. |17岁他就有了犯罪记录。

　　|||n.|[C] sb. who has committed a crime |罪犯

　　||||These crimes were largely committed by professional criminals. |这些刑事案件主要是职业罪犯干的。

　　||||He is one of the most wanted criminals. |他是被通缉的要犯之一。

　　||<24>victim     |n.  |[C] a person who suffers harm or death as a result of sb. else's action, a terrible event, etc. |受害者

　　||||He was a victim of war. |他是战争的受害者。

　　||||Food is being sent to the victims of the earthquake. |正在向遭受地震灾害的灾民们运送食品。

　　|@|<25>identify   |vt.|recognize and correctly name sb. or sth. |辨认出，识别

　　||||He was too far away to identify their faces. |他离得太远，辨认不出他们的面孔。

　　||||She was able to identify her attacker. |她能够认出袭击她的人。

　　|@|<26>offend     |vi. |break a law |违法，违犯

　　||||His actions offended against the norms of proper behavior. |他的行为违背了得体的行为举止的准则。

　　||||Many of the young men here are likely to offend again. |这儿许多年轻人可能再次违法。

　　||        |vt.|make sb. feel upset or angry |冒犯，触怒

　　||||If you don't go to her party, she will be offended. |如果你不出席她的宴会，她会生气的。

　　||||He was offended at /by her words. |她的话令他很生气。

　　||<27>　<em>offender</em> |n. |[C] sb. who does things against the law |犯法的人；犯规的人

　　||||a first offender |初犯

　　||||No smoking here. Offenders will be fined five dollars. |此处禁止抽烟，违者罚款5美元。

　　|@|<28>detail     |n. |[C] a small part or piece of information about sth. |细节；详情

　　||||She paid close attention to the details. |她特别注意细节。

　　||||I recalled every detail of the party. |我回忆了宴会的每个细节。

　　||<29>rip        |vt. |remove sth. quickly and violently using one's hands |撕掉，扯掉

　　||||She ripped the phone from his hand. |她把电话从他手中夺了过来。

　　||||He ripped the cover from the book.|他把书的封面撕了下来。

　　||<30>wrist      |n.|[C] the part of one's arm where the hand and forearm join together |腕，腕关节

　　||||I've hurt my wrist. |我的腕关节弄伤了。

　　||||He noticed an expensive watch on every wrist.|他注意到每个人手腕上都带着昂贵的手表。

　　||<31>lawn       |n.|[C, U] an area of grass in a garden or park that is regularly cut |草坪，草地

　　||||I'm going to cut the lawn this afternoon. |我打算今天下午把草坪修剪一下。

　　||||Children are playing on the lawn. |孩子们在草坪上玩耍。

　　||<32>dirt       |n. |[U] dust or soil |灰尘 ；尘土

　　||||Wipe the dirt off your shoes before you come in. |进来前先把你鞋上的尘土擦掉。

　　||||His coat was covered with dirt. |他外衣上都是灰尘。

　　||<33>temple     |n.|[C] either of the flat parts of one's head at the side of the forehead |太阳穴

　　||||The stone hit him on the temple. |石头击中了他的太阳穴。

　　||||She had black hair, graying at the temples. |她一头黑发，鬓角处开始变灰白了。

　　||<34>Lord|n.|[sing.] (in the Christian faith) God or Jesus Christ |上帝，耶稣基督

　　||||Lord, hear our request. |上帝啊，听听我们的祈求吧。

　　||||Lord, bless us! |上帝保佑！

　　|@|<35>mercy      |n.|[U] kindness to sb. |慈悲，怜悯，仁慈

　　||||He showed his enemies no mercy. |他对敌人毫不心慈手软。

　　||||The prisoners pleaded for mercy. |这些犯人恳求宽恕。

　　||<36>sin|n.|[C, U] a wicked act, esp. one that breaks a religious law |罪恶；罪孽

　　||||Lying and stealing are both sins. |撒谎和行窃都是罪孽。

　　||||He believes it is a sin to waste food. |他认为浪费粮食是罪恶行为。

　　|||vi.  |commit a sin |违反教规，违犯戒律

　　||||You have sinned against the Lord. |你已经得罪了上帝。

　　||||Jonah sinned by not obeying what God told him to do. |约拿因不遵照上帝嘱咐的去做而犯了罪。

　　||<37>　<em>sinner</em>|n.|[C] a person who sins |（宗教、道德上的）罪人

　　||||You are a sinner. |你是一个罪人。

　　||||Have mercy on me, though I'm a sinner. |宽恕我吧，尽管我是一个罪人。

　　||<38>footstep|n.|[C] the sound made by walking |脚步（声）

　　||||She heard his footsteps on the stairs. |她听到了他上楼梯的脚步声。

　　||||Walking along the darkened street, he heard footsteps close behind him. |沿着漆黑的街走，他听到身后紧随的脚步声。

　　|@|<39>fade|vi.|gradually disappear |逐渐消失

　　||||The laughter faded away. |笑声慢慢地消失了。

　　||||Hopes of a peace settlement faded. |和平解决的希望成为泡影。

　　||<40>span|n.|[C] the amount of time that sth. lasts |一段时间，持续时间

　　||||Children's attention span is shorter than that of adults. |孩子的注意力持续时间比成年人的短。

　　||||The average life span in this country is seventy years. |这个国家人的平均寿命是70岁。

　　|@|<41>fry|vt.|cook food in hot oil |油煎，油炒

　　||||Shall I fry the eggs or boil them? |我是煎鸡蛋，还是煮鸡蛋呢？

　　||||Fry the mushrooms in a little butter. |用一点黄油炒蘑菇。

　　||<42>　<em>fried</em> |a.|cooked in hot oil |油煎的，油炸的

　　||||fried chicken |炸鸡

　　||||I prefer fried eggs. |我喜欢吃煎蛋。

　　||<43>eternal  |a.|without end; lasting forever |永恒的，永久的

　　||||The company is engaged in the eternal search for goods that will lead the market. |这家公司坚持不懈地致力于寻求一种能主导市场的产品。

　　||||Do you believe in eternal life? |你相信生命会永存吗？

　　||<44>　<em>eternity</em> |n.|1. [U] the state of existence after death |来世；永生

　　||||Do you believe in eternity? |你相信有来生吗？

　　||||2. [U] time without end |永恒；永远

　　||||He promised to love her for all eternity. |他发誓永远爱她。

　　|@|<45>rob |vt.|steal money or property from a person, bank, etc. |抢劫

　　||||He robbed a bank. |他抢劫了一家银行。

　　||||They robbed me of my watch. |他抢走了我的手表。

　　||<46>　<em>robber</em>|n.|[C] a person who steals from a person, place, etc. |抢劫者，盗贼

　　||||The robbers shot a policeman before making their getaway. |抢劫者在逃跑前向一个警察开了火。

　　||||A young cashier was shot dead by bank robbers.|一名年轻的收银员被银行抢劫犯开枪打死了。

　　|@|<47>stiff |a.|1. (of alcoholic drink) strong |（酒）浓的，烈性的

　　||||He poured himself a stiff whisky. |他给自己倒了一杯烈性威士忌。

　　||||A stiff drink—that's what I need. |烈性酒，那才是我要的。

　　|| ||2. very firm; not easily bent or folded |僵硬的，不易弯曲的

　　||||He has walked with a stiff leg since he hurt his knee. |他自从膝关节受伤后走起路来一条腿一直伸不直。

　　||||Sitting still before a computer all day can give you a stiff neck. |成天坐在计算机旁会使你头颈僵硬。

　　||<48>additional|a.|extra |额外的，另外的

　　||||There will be an extra charge for any additional passengers. |任何额外的乘客都需另外付费。

　　||||It will take an additional week to finish the paper. |还得花一星期的时间才能完成这篇论文。

　　|★|<49>robbery|n.|[C, U] the crime of stealing |抢劫罪，抢劫（案）

　　||||Robbery is a serious crime. |抢劫是一种严重犯罪。

　　||||He was charged with four robberies. |他被指控犯有四起抢劫罪。

　　||<50>album |n.|[C] a book that one puts photographs, stamps, etc. in |影集；邮集

　　||||They showed me their photo album. |他们给我看了他们的影集。

　　||||She still keeps the stamp album her brother gave her. |她仍然保存着她弟弟给她的邮集。

　　||<51>　<em>album-sized</em> |a.     | |影集大小的；邮集大小的

　　|@|<52>current|n.|[C] a continuous flowing movement of water, air, etc. |（水、空气等的）流，潮流

　　||||You shouldn't swim in the river. There are dangerous currents. |你不应该在这条河里游泳，这条河的水流很危险。

　　||||Don't swim against the current. |不要逆流而游。

　　|||a.|happening or existing now |现时的，当前的

　　||||current prices |时价

　　||||He is the current chairman of the organization. |他是这个组织的现任主席。

　　|▲|<53>woe |n.|[U] great sadness |哀愁

　　||||Her face was full of woe. |她满面哀愁。

　　||||He told me a tale of woe about himself. |他告诉了我一个关于他自己的悲惨遭遇。

　　|@|<54>foundation|n.|1. [C] the idea, law, or fact on which sth. is based |基础；根据

　　||||The first two years of study provides a solid foundation in studying linguistics. |前两年的学习为学习语言学打下了坚实的基础。

　　||||All theories should be built on a foundation of factual knowledge. |所有的理论都应建立在事实的基础上。

　　||||2. [C] an organization that provides money to research or charity |基金会

　　||||the Environmental Research Foundation |环境研究基金会

　　||||the British Heart Foundation |英国心脏基金会

　　||||3. [U] the act of founding sth. |建立，设立

　　||||the foundation of a new school |创办一所新学校

　　||||That year saw the foundation of a new state. |一个新的国家在那一年建立了。

　　|★|<55>discontent |n.|[U] a feeling of being unhappy and not satisfied with sth. |不满；不满足

　　||||Public discontent with the government is growing. |公众对政府的不满在日益增加。

　　||||There is widespread discontent at the quality of education. |人们对教育的质量普遍不满。

　　||<56>presently|ad.|1. now  |现在，目前

　　||||The managers are presently discussing the matter with the workers. |管理人员目前正在与工人讨论这件事。

　　||||Of 200 boats, only 20 are presently operational. |200艘船中目前只有20艘能正常运转。

　　||||2. soon  |不久，一会儿

　　||||Take a seat in the waiting room; the doctor will come presently. |在候诊室坐一会儿，医生马上会过来。

　　||||The room was hot, and presently her eyes grew heavy as she began to feel sleepy. |房间里很热，不一会儿她双眼变得疲乏无神，开始感到困了。

　　|@|<57>stick|vt.|(stuck,stuck) |

　　||| |1. push sth., usually a sharp object, into sth. else |插入，刺入

　　||||He stuck his fork into the meat. |他把叉子插入肉中。

　　||||The nurse stuck the needle into my arm. |护士把针插进了我的胳膊。

　　||||2. attach sth. to another using a substance |粘贴，粘住

　　||||He stuck the pages of his homework together and then handed them in to his professor. |他把作业一页页地黏贴在一起，然后交给了老师。

　　||||The artist stuck his pictures to the walls of his home. |这位艺术家把自己的画贴在屋子的墙上。

　　||<58>dam|n.|[C] a wall built across a river to hold back the water and form a lake behind it |堤坝，水坝

　　||||There was a flood when the dam burst. |决堤时造成洪水泛滥。

　　||||They are going to build a dam to store the water. |他们打算建造一个大坝来蓄水。

　　<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>

　　||<59>face to face (with) |1. close to and looking at sb. or sth. |面对面的/地

　　|| |I'd like to meet him face to face someday; I've heard so much about him. |我已听到了很多关于他的情况，很想有一天能见见他。

　　|| |Actually, I've never met her face to face. |实际上，我从未与她打过照面。

　　|| |2. no escape from sth. and having to deal with it |面临着；面对着

　　|| |What would you do if you were face to face with so many difficulties? |如果你面对这么多困难，你会怎么办？

　　|| |It was the first time he'd ever come face to face with death. |这是他第一次直面死亡问题。

　　||<60>pull into  |move to one side and stop |（车）停靠，驶向（一旁）

　　|||He pulled into the small parking lot. |他把车开进了那个小停车场。

　　|||The train pulled into the branch line station. |这列火车缓缓驶进了支线车站。

　　||<61>as if      |in a way that sth. seems to be true |好像

　　|||He behaved as if nothing had happened. |他的举止就好像什么都没发生过似的。

　　|||It sounds as if she's been really ill. |听起来她好像真是病了。

　　||<62>attach... to...  |fix sth. to sth. else |系在...上，连接到...上

　　||    |There was a message attached to the flowers. |随花一起送来一张便条。

　　||    |He attached a check to the order form. |他在定货单上附了一张支票。

　　||<63>have mercy on sb.  |treat sb. in a kind way |对某人仁慈

　　|||Have mercy on me! |可怜可怜我吧!

　　|||She appealed to the judge to have mercy on her husband. |她请求法官宽恕她丈夫。

　　||<64>get to one's feet  |stand up |站起来

　　|||At the end of the game, the whole crowd got to their feet and cheered wildly. |比赛结束时，整个人群都站起来疯狂地欢呼。

　　|||He got to his feet and stood gazing at her. |他站了起来，站在那儿出神地盯着她看。

　　||<65>look through   |search for sth. among a lot of others |浏览；查找

　　||    |I'll look through my notes but I don't think I have a record of his name. |我会浏览一下笔记，但我觉得我没有记下他的名字。

　　||    |He asked me to look through the article for any spelling mistakes. |他叫我把文章检查一下，看有没有什么拼写错误。

　　||<66>out of control |no longer in control  |失去控制

　　||    |The situation was out of control, and fighting broke out. |局势已失去了控制，发生了打斗。

　　||    |The fire was out of control. |大火失去了控制。

　　||<67>eat (away) at  |gradually reduce the amount of or destroy sth. |侵蚀；消耗

　　||    |The sea has been eating away at this shore for centuries. |几百年来海水一直在侵蚀着海岸。

　　||    |His gambling was eating away at his income. |他的赌博正慢慢耗尽他的收入。

　　<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>

　　||<68>KFC   |Kentucky Fried Chicken  |肯德基

　　||<69>Leslie| |莱斯利（人名）

　　||<70>LAPD|the Los Angeles Police Department |洛杉矶警察局

　　||<71>Blake| |布莱克（1757—1827，英国诗人和版画家）

　　||<72>Thames|(the ~) |泰晤士河