高中英语人教版2000年高三下01

[00:13.24]高级英语学生用书 第三册（下）

[00:26.49]Unit 13 The USA

[00:28.85]第十三单元 美国

[00:31.22]Lesson 49

[00:32.90]第四十九课

[00:34.59]1 Reading comprehension 1

[00:36.81]1 阅读理解

[00:39.03]Read the text fast to get a general idea.

[00:41.61]快速朗读课文，找出文章大意。

[00:44.20]Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the text?

[00:46.82]文章提及的主题是什么？

[00:49.45]Population/History/Government/Sports/Weather/Radio and TV/

[00:54.58]人口/历史/政府/运动/天气/无线电和电视/

[00:59.72]Transport/Food/Parks/Buildings/Hotels

[01:03.60]运输/食品/停车场/建筑/旅馆

[01:07.47]NEW  YORK

[01:08.86]纽约

[01:10.24]NEW YORK is built on a group of islands on the east coast of the USA

[01:13.77]纽约市位于美国的东部，

[01:17.30]at a point where several rivers flow into the ocean.

[01:19.93]在河流注入海洋的河口处。

[01:22.57]The first westerner 2 to discover these islands was an Italian explorer 3 in 1524.

[01:26.90]第一个发现这些岛屿的是一个西方人，一个意大利的探险家在1524年发现的。

[01:31.22]In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians,

[01:34.90]1626年从当地的印度人那里买是了曼合顿岛，

[01:38.59]Native Americans,for a handful 4 of goods worth about $24.

[01:42.75]本地美国人，价值大约24美元。

[01:46.92]Today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal.

[01:50.11]今天，本地的美国人对这场交易表示愤怒。

[01:53.29]After the War of Independence ended,

[01:55.37]美国独立战争后，

[01:57.45]New York became the capital of the USA for a short time

[02:03.01](1789-90)before Washington,D.C.

[02:06.29]纽约暂时成为美国的首都，（1780-90）在华盛顿之前。

[02:09.57]By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125,000,

[02:13.64]到了1820年，纽约市的人口增长到大约125.000人。

[02:17.72]making it the largest city in the USA.

[02:20.06]成为美国最大的城市。

[02:22.39]In 1858 an area of poor housing,factories and farm buildings

[02:26.47]1858年，贫民院，工厂和农场的所在地

[02:30.54]was torn down and Central Park was created,

[02:33.22]被拆掉建成为中央公园，

[02:35.90]reaching from 59th Street to 110th Street and across three avenues 5.

[02:40.17]从59街延伸至110街，横跨三条大道。

[02:44.44]There is space for summer picnics,open-air concert,plays and games.

[02:48.07]那有地方给人们去夏令营，户外音乐会，玩耍和做游戏。

[02:51.70]There is a zoo,an art museum,a boating 6 lake,a smaller lake for model boats,

[02:55.88]里面有动物园，艺术博物馆，还有比较小的湖给人们划船，

[03:00.06]and in winter,an ice-skating area.

[03:02.30]在冬天，有地方给人们滑冰。

[03:04.53]In 1892 the age of mass arrivals 7 began,

[03:07.35]国外移民大量涌入始于1892年，

[03:10.17]during which 5 million new people passed through Ellis Island.

[03:13.55]500万新来的人通过埃利斯岛进入美国，

[03:16.94]into the USA over a period of 62 years.

[03:19.76]在随后的62年间.

[03:22.58]Today Ellis Island is a museum,showing the roots of America's new citizens,

[03:26.20]如今埃利斯岛是一个展示美国的新市民的根的博物馆.

[03:29.82]who came from all the corners of the earth.

[03:31.93]来自地球上所有地方的人.

[03:34.05]Officials used to have trouble with the foreign names of people

[03:36.46]官员们经常在外地人的名字里陷入麻烦,

[03:38.88]passing through Ellis Island,

[03:40.76]在埃利斯岛的人,

[03:42.64]and because they were so busy,

[03:46.09]many people's names got changed in the rush.

[03:48.43]因为他们很忙,很多人一起改名字.

[03:50.77]People who wanted to enter the USA

[03:52.95]人们想进入美国

[03:55.13]had to go through a number of mental and physical tests,

[03:57.77]必须又通过大量的精神上和身体上的测试,

[04:00.40]and about 2 million people were turned away.

[04:02.48]大约200万人被逃汰.

[04:04.56]Thus Ellis Island became known 8 as the"Island of Tears".

[04:07.22]因此埃利斯岛被认为"眼泪岛".

[04:09.89]The building of skyscrapers 9 in New York began around the year 1900.

[04:12.85]大约在1900年开始建造摩天楼.

[04:15.82]Because Mahattan Island is made of solid 10 rock,

[04:18.10]因为曼合顿岛是用坚硬的岩石建造的,

[04:20.39]it is safe to build very tall buildings.

[04:22.66]所以建造成高楼大厦是 很安全的

[04:24.93]A 55-storey building went up in 1913,

[04:27.82]一座55层的大楼在1913年建成.

[04:30.71]and in 1931 the Empire State Building was completed,

[04:33.79]1913年帝国大厦建成,

[04:36.87]then the tallest building in the world.

[04:39.00]它是全世界最高的建筑.

[04:41.13]It has 102 storeys 11 and 73 lifts.

[04:43.81]它有102层和73个电梯.

[04:46.48]From the top of it,

[04:49.44]you could see up to a distance of 130 kilometres on a clear day.

[04:52.61]在晴朗的日子里,在它的顶部你可以看到距离达到130千米.

[04:55.78]Today it is no longer the tallest building in the USA,

[05:00.83]or even in New York.

[05:02.55]如今再也没有最高的建筑在美国或者甚至是在纽约了.

[05:04.27]The World Trade Center,an office building for over 1,200 firms

[05:07.00]世界贸易中心,一座有超过1.200间公司的办公楼

[05:09.73]employing about 50,000 people,is even higher at 411 metres.

[05:13.61]雇用了50.000多个人,它甚至高于411米.

[05:17.49]The twin towers are 110 storeys high,

[05:20.07]这两座楼塔有110层高,

[05:22.64]but high-speed lifts controlled by computer

[05:27.29]take only a minute to reach the top.

[05:29.33]但高速的电梯是用电脑控制的,只要仅仅一分钟的时间就可以到达楼顶.

[05:31.36]The towers are further apart at the top than at the base,

[05:36.12]but this is no mistake

[05:37.74]两座塔楼的楼顶之间的距离比楼底部之间的距离要大一些,但这并不是失误.

[05:39.36]This is because the surface of the earth is not flat but round.

[05:42.60]这是因为地球的表面是圆的而不是平的.

[05:45.84]New York never sleeps.

[05:47.66]纽约城永不休息.

[05:49.49]The underground railway runs 24 hours a day,

[05:51.82]地铁轨道上一天24小时都在运转,

[05:54.14]and there are all-night cinemas,bars and restaurants.

[05:56.68]有通宵达旦的电影院,酒巴和餐厅.

[05:59.21]Some people think that the weather is unpleasant 12,

[06:03.36]the city ugly and dirty,

[06:05.19]有些人认为这个城市又丑又脏,气候又不好,

[06:07.02]the competition fierce 13 and the streets unsafe.

[06:09.89]有着激烈的竞争和街道不安全.

[06:12.77]It is a city in a hurry,but a very exciting place to be.

[06:15.75]它是一个节奏快的城市,但它也是一个令人兴奋的地方.

[06:18.72]Lesson 50

[06:22.75]第五十课

[06:26.77]1 Reading comprehension

[06:29.00]1 阅读理解

[06:31.24]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.

[06:33.90]快速朗读这篇课文并找出问题的答案.

[06:36.56]1 In what ways did the settlers treat the Native Americans unfairly?

[06:40.25]1 殖民者在哪些地方对美洲土著人不公平?

[06:43.93]2 What cause a big change in the wildlife on the plains?

[06:47.31]2 在平原什么使野生动植物发生了很大的变化?

[06:50.70]THE BISON 14 ON THE PLAINS OF AMERICA

[06:52.83]美洲平原上的野牛

[06:54.96]The first settlers on the plains of America were Native Americans.

[06:57.83]在美国的第一批殖民者是美洲土著人.

[07:00.70]It is thought that they arrived more than 30,000 years ago

[07:03.43]有人认为,他们是在30.000年以前

[07:06.16]by crossing a land bridge from Asia to America.

[07:08.70]通过一座陆桥从亚洲来到美洲的.

[07:11.23]They lived by hunting and by gathering 15 roots nuts,and wild fruits.

[07:14.46]他们靠打猎和收集树根果仁和野果为生.

[07:17.68]They also hunted and killed wild animals.

[07:20.02]他们也打猎和杀野生动物.

[07:22.36]Around the year 1600

[07:24.40]大在1600年,

[07:26.43]the first horses were brought to the American continent by the Spanish.

[07:29.25]西班牙人把第一批马带到美国大陆.

[07:32.08]Soon there were many wild horses the across the country.

[07:34.56]不久,有很多野马穿过乡村.

[07:37.04]The Native Americans caught and trained them

[07:39.08]美洲土著人抓到并训练它们,

[07:41.11]and were then able to use them to carry their goods

[07:43.39]这样可以让马运载他们的东西,

[07:45.66]when they travelled from one camping ground to another.

[07:47.89]当他们从一个地方到另一个地方露营的时候.

[07:50.13]Now that they could ride horses,it became easier to hunt the bison,

[07:53.00]他们既然会骑马,猎取这种野牛就比较容易了,

[07:55.87]a type of cattle 16 which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.

[07:58.99]一种习惯于成群地生活在美洲平原的牛.

[08:02.12]The bison grows to a shoulder-height of 1.5 metres

[08:07.76]and can weigh 1100 kilograms[08:10.28]野牛长到齐肩1.5米,它们能够称1100千克.

[08:12.80]It was an important part of Native Americans' existence.

[08:15.44]它是美洲土著人生活的一个重要部分.

[08:18.08]Bison were killed for their meat,

[08:19.96]野牛被杀取出它们的肉,

[08:21.84]while their fur provided 17 warm clothing during cold winters.

[08:24.66]在寒冷的冬天,它们的皮为人们提供暖和的衣服.

[08:27.48]The skins were used for making tents and water containers.

[08:30.16]它们的皮被用来制做帐篷和装水的容器.

[08:32.84]Bones were carved into needles and tools,

[08:37.51]and the teeth were used to make necklaces.

[08:39.55]骨头被雕刻成针和工具,牙齿用做项链.

[08:41.59]From 1830 onwards 18 in the USA and from about 1870 in Canada,

[08:45.52]在美国从1830年前和在加拿大从1870年,

[08:49.45]settlers began to move westwards 19

[08:53.50]and to take possession 20 of the plains as their own.

[08:55.78]殖民者开始向西迁移,并把平原据为己有.

[08:58.07]Large groups of Native Americans were forced

[09:02.62]to move away from their old hunting grounds

[09:04.74]大批美洲土著人被迫离开他们的猎场.

[09:06.87]When they objected,they were killed.

[09:09.11]当他们反抗时就会被杀害.

[09:11.34]Fierce wars between Native Americans and European settlers broke out.

[09:14.21]美洲土著人和欧洲殖民者激烈的战争爆发了.

[09:17.09]Settlers made agreements with Native American chiefs

[09:19.57]殖民者和美洲土著人的领袖定一个协议,

[09:22.05]but always broke them afterwards.

[09:23.98]但是后来他们总是违反了.

[09:25.92]In this way Native Americans were forced onto poor land

[09:29.09]就这样,美国土著人被赶到贫瘠的土地上去了.

[09:32.26]that the settlers did not want.

[09:34.04]殖民者不想要的.

[09:35.82]The settlers built railways across the plains

[09:40.36]and began to hunt even more bison.

[09:42.54]殖民者修建了一条铁路横穿平原并开始更多地杀害野牛.

[09:44.72]While early settlers had killed bison for food,

[09:47.15]当在早期时殖民者杀野牛做食物,

[09:49.58]now the killing 21 became more widespread 22.

[09:51.61]现在杀野牛变得更广泛了.

[09:53.63]They killed the bison, cut off the skins

[09:58.10]and left the bodies behind to rot 23.

[10:00.16]他们把野牛杀了,取下它们的皮,让它们的身体腐烂.

[10:02.23]The bison skins were sent by rail to cities to be sold.

[10:05.15]这些牛皮被火车运到城市去卖.

[10:08.08]It was also thought that by removing their main supply of food,

[10:10.60]当时还有人认为,切断美国土著人的主要供给,

[10:13.12]the Native Americans would be forced to give in.

[10:15.44]他们就会被近屈服.

[10:17.77]Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population is thought to have fallen

[10:21.60]在1850年到1910年之间,据说野牛的数量下降

[10:25.42]from 60 million tojust a few hundred.

[10:28.21]从6000万到只剩几百.

[10:30.99]The killing of the bison changed the whole wildlife of the plains.

[10:33.72]杀害野牛引起整个平原的野生动植物的改变.

[10:36.45]With fewer bison,grass shoots were not eaten

[10:41.20]so grass did not grow as strongly.

[10:43.17]由于太少野牛,草发芽了却没有牛去吃,所以草就能生长得很强壮.

[10:45.15]Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve the soil,

[10:47.73]地上不再有野牛的粪便来改善土质了.

[10:50.32]which as a result became less good for growing plants.

[10:53.05]结果变得越来越少好的土壤来种植了.

[10:55.78]The ground supported fewer plants,

[10:57.80]地上越来越少的植物,

[10:59.83]and the insects which lived on these plants died out.

[11:02.45]靠这些植物为生的昆虫死光了.

[11:05.08]There was less food for birds and also for the prairie 24 dog,

[11:07.96]鸟类和草原土拔鼠的食物少了,

[11:10.85]a kind of animal which lives in holes in the ground.

[11:13.37]一种生活在地底洞里面的动物.

[11:15.89]This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.

[11:19.07]这对狼的食物供应有一个坏的影响.

[11:22.24]Thus one simple fact,a change in the number of bison,

[11:25.51]这样一个简单的事实,野牛数量的变化,

[11:28.77]had an effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.

[11:32.10]对平原的整个野生生物链都产生了影响