时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   C. 主从复合句的分译


  英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分,分译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如:
  (1) One day, while out on the bleak 1 moors 2, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.
  匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时,一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他,让他立即为他送些食物来。(在who引导的从句前切分)
  (2) All this had come to an end in 1905 when the medical mission was dissolved and several of Mother's colleagues were killed in the uprising.
  1905年,这一切都宣布结束了。在一次暴动中,妈妈的几个同事牺牲了,医疗队也解散了。(when处切分)
  D. 其他情况的分译
  有些长句的翻译得根据具体情况、意群的分布等进行灵活处理,合理进行切分,使译文层次分明,观点明确。例如:
  (1) Suddenly the door bursts open and the Time Traveler appears, dirty, disheveled, and bedraggled, with a nasty cut on his chin.
  突然,门猛然开了,时间旅行家出现。他十分肮脏,衣冠不整,满身是泥,下巴颏被严重划伤。(在appear后切分)
  (2) The boy and the woman were already seated by spread table-cloth when the man came down to them, dressed in his business suit and vest and tie and hat as if he expected to meet someone along the way.
  等到男人走过来时,女人和孩子早已挨着地上铺开的桌布边坐好了。男人身穿上班的套装和背心,系着领带,戴着帽子,似乎估计路上会遇到什么人似的。(分词短语前切分)
  二、合并
  一般说来,英语句子要比汉语句子长,英译汉时切分用得较多;但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短,英译汉时有时也得用合并。合并常用于以下二种情况:
  (一) 简单句与简单句的合并
  把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句合并成一个句子。例如:
  (1) She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.
  她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力,还善于解决问题。(两句合一)
  (2) The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor 3. She was near collapse 4, barely able to move her swollen 5 feet.
  门没锁上,她走了进去,呆呆地坐了下来,极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红肿的双脚。(三句合一)
  (3) I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them.
  我把椅子挪过去坐下,开始两脚分开,但我突然觉得这样显得不尊重,太不拘礼节,便把两膝并拢,把双手随便地放在膝盖上。(四句合一)
  (二) 复合句的合并
  把原文中的主从复合句或并列复合句译成一个简单句或词组。例如:
  (1) We are going to have to be prepared to operate with people who are nuts.
  我们将不得不应付那些难对付的家伙。
  (2) And he found himself trying to suppress a bitterness that was soul-destroying.
  他发现自己在竭力抑制损伤灵魂的苦涩。
  (3) Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's.
  许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。
  (4) The diagnosis 6 seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.
  每次看病的诊断似乎都和我所有的感觉完全相符。

1 bleak
adj.(天气)阴冷的;凄凉的;暗淡的
  • They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
  • The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。
2 moors
v.停泊,系泊(船只)( moor的第三人称单数 )
  • the North York moors 北约克郡的漠泽
  • They're shooting grouse up on the moors. 他们在荒野射猎松鸡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 stupor
v.昏迷;不省人事
  • As the whisky took effect, he gradually fell into a drunken stupor.随着威士忌酒力发作,他逐渐醉得不省人事。
  • The noise of someone banging at the door roused her from her stupor.梆梆的敲门声把她从昏迷中唤醒了。
4 collapse
vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
5 swollen
adj.肿大的,水涨的;v.使变大,肿胀
  • Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着,她的双腿已经肿了。
  • A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她,她的手臂肿起来了。
6 diagnosis
n.诊断,诊断结果,调查分析,判断
  • His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
additional constant
alkali resistant cement concrete flooring
anal plate
annealing deposit
array module
Ascaridoidea
axial-force
band-pass network
battery cells
Bekok
belt-type permanentmagnet separator
big-wig
black-out lamp
Blackstripe
books sort
brassish
Burgers vector
bushtits
capitalist democratization
carboxylesterase
clarence major
corah
counter insurgent
cutter reel
deducibility
disconsolate
disreputableness
double-layer interconnection
egg-laying spawning season
encarsia guadeloupae
Euproctis pseudoconsphersa
external shock diffusers
extesticulate
extrajection
geodesic latitude
give cause for
golden yearss
hail observing network
have a weak stomach
headgear
in-process
internal reticular apparatus
jisei
Kazumba
lagomorphic
lampad
leaf-mimicking fish
left avertence
life-cycles
line frequency generator
live roll
local dose rate
lorch
machine tool drive
mast fittings
moon pool
Mutnaya, Bukhta
nilpotent algebraic group
nitrogen carriers
non-producing well
nonfilling
nonsyndromic
opsoclonus
orange tips
orianna
paradoxicality
PCSP
phantom line
phomopsis morearum
piezoelectrometer
plasnosome
popular goods
preprinted insert
profile cavitation
pull switch
rambunctions
red-heeled
rose-colored pastors
sadkers
Saxifraga longshengensis
semipermeable membrance
side rafter
side window frame
single-entry bookkeeping
snap magnet
soup spoon
step-variable capacity cost
take the wraps off
tekkamaki
test gas
to refer
trestle-table
trimachy
true rolling bit
vampirologist
vandura
wage-packets
Walker Air Force Base
wannish
WTV
xeroxer