时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   声色词是拟声词(onomatopoetic words)和色彩词(color words)的合称。前者模仿人、动物、自然现象、机器或工具等物品或动作所产生的各种声响,后者表现客观世界展现在我们眼前的各种色彩。声色词具有独特的修辞效果,运用得当会使语言表达生动活泼、引人入胜。翻译这两类词语一定要注意英汉两种语言之间的差异,细心推敲,尽可能再现原文中所描绘的客观世界里的声音和色彩。


  拟声词
  一、英汉拟声词比较
  英语和汉语中的拟声词都很丰富,但是大部分的拟声词在发音上相差甚远。这是因为拟声词是按照某种语言的语音系统对客观世界的声音加以模拟改造的结果,所以不可避免地带有该语言的发音特征。因此,英语和汉语中的拟声词之间既存在相同之处又存在不同之处。它们大体可以归纳为以下三点:
  A. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用不同的拟声词来表示:
  ***-a-doodle-do──喔喔喔
  clip-clop──(马蹄)得得声
  tick-tack──(钟表)滴答声
  hoot(toot)──嘟嘟
  dub-a-dub──(鼓)咚咚声
  jingle-jangle──玎玲当啷
  A horse neighs/whinnies/nickers.马嘶/马鸣/马萧萧。
  A dog barks/yaps/yelps/bays/snarls/growls/howls.狗汪汪叫/犬吠。
  A fly hums/buzzes/drones.苍蝇嗡嗡/哼哼叫。
  A mosquito hums /buzzes/drones.蚊子哼哼/嗡嗡叫。
  A pig grunts/squeals. 猪咕噜咕噜/哼哼叫。
  B. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用相同的拟声词来表达:
  meow(或meou)──喵
  hiss──嘶嘶(作声)
  dingdong──丁冬(声),叮当(声)
  ping──乒
  giggle──咯咯(地笑)
  pit-a-pat──劈劈啪啪(地)
  cuckoo──咕咕
  A cow moos.母牛哞哞叫。
  A pigeon coos.鸽子咕咕叫。
  C. 不同的声音用相同的拟声词:
  babble──(婴儿)咿呀学语声;(流水)潺潺作声
  smack──(拍击声、鞭打声、砸嘴声、掌掴声)
  萧萧──(a horse) neighs, (the rain) patters, (the wind) whistles, (thetrees) rustle
  鸣──(birds) chirp, (frogs) creak, (a bugle) honks

标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
A little bird told me
ameletin
b.c.c.
bauckham
begotten before marriage
bipedicle skin flap
braccate
brake-band clutch
Brayton engine
Carlsbad
Casilan
ceroxylons
chemical dehydrator
China-bashing
chincapins
come from behind
community politics
compensator link motion
compromised amplitude equalizer
conjugate joints
dacryocystorhinostenosis
deductibilities
deep-discharge cycling
deheats
dimethylketol
Dionysius Telmaharensis
direct contrasts
disciplehood
discrete univariate distribution
discrimination method
electromagnetic balance
elvers
Eyeberry L.
failure modes and effects analysis
flavoxate
frontvane
furoquinoline
general settlement
half slice
hassocked
heart-stoppingly
Hetaeria
hign definition television
hyperpermeable
integral denotation
intracanalicular part
iron-graphite diagram
isba
kumiz
LERG
lien siccus
liver extract tablet
load calculator
magnitude distorsion
mcmenemy
mdas
mechanism of connecting rod
micrometer comb
mineral acid
music-stick
nee'n't
nonadherents
nonargumentative
notched tappet rod
optical fiber distribution frame
outer regular set
palpebra conjunctivas
Pedicularis dielsiana
phosphopyruvate
port authorities
praisant
Preliminary Determination of Epicenter
process specifications
punched-tape storage
quadrigeminal bodies (or colliculi)
reinvaded
rennicke
rotary radial-cylinder
royal spade
Sallyān
sarplier
scenopinid
schistose crystalline rock
Sidrolândia
single sideband (ssb)
sleeper conveyor truck
starting place for shipping
suck it up
take precedence to
tending to
testing priority
theophanic
total civilian labor force
trypsin-labile
ultraviolet-visible colorimeter
vison
wage push theory of inflation
when hell freezes over
wirerod
Yongseong-ri
Zaar