时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   声色词是拟声词(onomatopoetic words)和色彩词(color words)的合称。前者模仿人、动物、自然现象、机器或工具等物品或动作所产生的各种声响,后者表现客观世界展现在我们眼前的各种色彩。声色词具有独特的修辞效果,运用得当会使语言表达生动活泼、引人入胜。翻译这两类词语一定要注意英汉两种语言之间的差异,细心推敲,尽可能再现原文中所描绘的客观世界里的声音和色彩。


  拟声词
  一、英汉拟声词比较
  英语和汉语中的拟声词都很丰富,但是大部分的拟声词在发音上相差甚远。这是因为拟声词是按照某种语言的语音系统对客观世界的声音加以模拟改造的结果,所以不可避免地带有该语言的发音特征。因此,英语和汉语中的拟声词之间既存在相同之处又存在不同之处。它们大体可以归纳为以下三点:
  A. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用不同的拟声词来表示:
  ***-a-doodle-do──喔喔喔
  clip-clop──(马蹄)得得声
  tick-tack──(钟表)滴答声
  hoot(toot)──嘟嘟
  dub-a-dub──(鼓)咚咚声
  jingle-jangle──玎玲当啷
  A horse neighs/whinnies/nickers.马嘶/马鸣/马萧萧。
  A dog barks/yaps/yelps/bays/snarls/growls/howls.狗汪汪叫/犬吠。
  A fly hums/buzzes/drones.苍蝇嗡嗡/哼哼叫。
  A mosquito hums /buzzes/drones.蚊子哼哼/嗡嗡叫。
  A pig grunts/squeals. 猪咕噜咕噜/哼哼叫。
  B. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用相同的拟声词来表达:
  meow(或meou)──喵
  hiss──嘶嘶(作声)
  dingdong──丁冬(声),叮当(声)
  ping──乒
  giggle──咯咯(地笑)
  pit-a-pat──劈劈啪啪(地)
  cuckoo──咕咕
  A cow moos.母牛哞哞叫。
  A pigeon coos.鸽子咕咕叫。
  C. 不同的声音用相同的拟声词:
  babble──(婴儿)咿呀学语声;(流水)潺潺作声
  smack──(拍击声、鞭打声、砸嘴声、掌掴声)
  萧萧──(a horse) neighs, (the rain) patters, (the wind) whistles, (thetrees) rustle
  鸣──(birds) chirp, (frogs) creak, (a bugle) honks

标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
activity discard
adipic
Apple Qaedas
apricus
atomized liquid
bellied file
bioerosion
block interval
cardanolide
cherimoyer
class of wave height
contact points cleaning plate
controlled energy flow machine
controvertists
convexobasia
corrosive liquid disinfectants
Coulomb collision
creamed tomato soup
crystallization layering
dead break
debt to export ratio
dipsy doodle
dissuader
dithiocarbonates
drawing change notice
Dyar's rule
earcuff
Ebenstein
equilibrium layer
equivalent difference
erythrina alkaloid
fish cutlet
galvanis
gastroperiodynia
glass wire
Halloysit
Harboor
Hartparaffin
homotopy of mappings
imputed capital flow
intermarital
iwasakis
lead cathode counter
lim memory
line of roll forming
littoral fever
lothair ii
macaulays
magnetic susptibility
maintenance point
meiocene
mesocalanus tenuicornis
mixed type occlusion
n-butene
negative electron affinity device
Olivehurst
ombrogenous peat
on/off control system
one's hand is in
open'd
Oxynotinae
panjkora (pinjkora) r.
pee-wee
pelham grenville wodehouses
plaquemines
pointillistic
polyubiquitinylate
praetorship
pressure(-cased) boiler
prosodifications
prothysteron
quality score
rail punch
reference sensitivity
return state
reverse shaft counter balance spring
revolving moxibustion
ribbed canal
riemannite (allophane)
Russkaya Ravnina
Sal Atticus
sandlotters
sclerocystis clavispora
sick call
sizer ratio
slag crusher
slip back
smoothing line
social system engineering
speech recognition
spinach beet
Styphelia triflora
submerged manoeuvrability
throat infection
trophotrophic
tuboperitoneal
twin-rotor helicopter
unforeseens
volts direct-current working
wavemaking plant
windsails
Xuande ware