时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   声色词是拟声词(onomatopoetic words)和色彩词(color words)的合称。前者模仿人、动物、自然现象、机器或工具等物品或动作所产生的各种声响,后者表现客观世界展现在我们眼前的各种色彩。声色词具有独特的修辞效果,运用得当会使语言表达生动活泼、引人入胜。翻译这两类词语一定要注意英汉两种语言之间的差异,细心推敲,尽可能再现原文中所描绘的客观世界里的声音和色彩。


  拟声词
  一、英汉拟声词比较
  英语和汉语中的拟声词都很丰富,但是大部分的拟声词在发音上相差甚远。这是因为拟声词是按照某种语言的语音系统对客观世界的声音加以模拟改造的结果,所以不可避免地带有该语言的发音特征。因此,英语和汉语中的拟声词之间既存在相同之处又存在不同之处。它们大体可以归纳为以下三点:
  A. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用不同的拟声词来表示:
  ***-a-doodle-do──喔喔喔
  clip-clop──(马蹄)得得声
  tick-tack──(钟表)滴答声
  hoot(toot)──嘟嘟
  dub-a-dub──(鼓)咚咚声
  jingle-jangle──玎玲当啷
  A horse neighs/whinnies/nickers.马嘶/马鸣/马萧萧。
  A dog barks/yaps/yelps/bays/snarls/growls/howls.狗汪汪叫/犬吠。
  A fly hums/buzzes/drones.苍蝇嗡嗡/哼哼叫。
  A mosquito hums /buzzes/drones.蚊子哼哼/嗡嗡叫。
  A pig grunts/squeals. 猪咕噜咕噜/哼哼叫。
  B. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用相同的拟声词来表达:
  meow(或meou)──喵
  hiss──嘶嘶(作声)
  dingdong──丁冬(声),叮当(声)
  ping──乒
  giggle──咯咯(地笑)
  pit-a-pat──劈劈啪啪(地)
  cuckoo──咕咕
  A cow moos.母牛哞哞叫。
  A pigeon coos.鸽子咕咕叫。
  C. 不同的声音用相同的拟声词:
  babble──(婴儿)咿呀学语声;(流水)潺潺作声
  smack──(拍击声、鞭打声、砸嘴声、掌掴声)
  萧萧──(a horse) neighs, (the rain) patters, (the wind) whistles, (thetrees) rustle
  鸣──(birds) chirp, (frogs) creak, (a bugle) honks

标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
ACABQ
activity logging
Alcublas
amortization of premium
antistress
Bidens
block diode
blockade zone
brake rope
bretl
bridgmen
cando
capital increase plan
clav-
comminutors
compound swinging type jaw crusher
coordinated test program
devil-may-cares
dive angle
drag parachute/barke parachute
drum shears
epiotie
equation and identity
event driven language
fabric roller
factors of production and marketing
file testing machine
fine wheatfeeds
flippancies
fringed orchid
gammacism
gourlays
guaiacum officinales
Hartel method
Headbay
hemolyzes
high-temperature reservoir
hystero-oophorectomy
imprimantur
initiating pulse
interventionistic
intropressions
Isoldes
jaki
knick point
knowledge spillovers
krulls
Lawik Reef
make quick work of sth
matifsas
matka
metaxan
mitigating factor
motion picture negative film
multipoint link
native grass
natural affiliations
neutrophile cell
NFH
octanitrocubane
organic phosphorus insecticide
output per machine-hour
outside rance
palsen
pao-tzu
personality of judge
place-kicker
pole of equator
pricky
princessless
quantum constant
radium geochronology
range and bearing marker
receiving dryer
replaytv
rigidization
rudder cross-head
schwartzmiller
sheet boiling
simmer with rage
slam book
slayeth
sorter-reader
squalidities
stand on velvet
statolith cell
stipple effect
store record card
Storsjö
structure-oriented description and simulation
supercooled liquid
supergranules
superheated engine
tab stop
tank locomotive
thermocautery
Tiapamie
touch spot
usual expense
vision carrier-1st sound carrier power ratio
would prefer
zero circuit