北外翻译笔记 第15课 翻译难点--声色词的译法(2)
时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记
英语课
二、拟声词译法
翻译英语拟声词时,除了闻声解意外,还应根据具体语境和修辞等要求,选用恰当的翻译方法。常见的拟声词译法大体有如下几种:
A. 英语原文中有拟声词,汉译时也用拟声词
英语原文中的拟声词在汉语中可译成相同的拟声词:
(1) A turkey gobbles.火鸡咯咯叫。
(2) A wolf howls/growls. 狼嚎。
(3) A bee hums.蜜蜂嗡嗡地叫。
(4) A bull bellows 1. 公牛哞哞地叫。
(5) A sparrow twitters. 麻雀吱吱喳喳叫。
有时也可译成不同的拟声词:
(1) The train clattered 3 out of the station.火车哐唧哐唧驶出车站。
(2) The shutters 4 clattered in the wind.百叶窗在风中劈劈啪啪作响。
(3) The girls clattered away at their luncheon 5.午餐时女孩们咭咭呱呱地谈个不停
(4) The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter 2.碟子碗碰得丁丁当当响。
有时,英语原文中不同的拟声词在汉语中也可译成同一拟声词:
(1) The thunder rolled in the distance. 远处雷声隆隆。
(2) There came the hum of machines. 传来了机器的隆隆声。
(3) The offices were quite. Far below I could hear the rumble 6 of tube trains carrying commuters to the west end.各办公室都很静,我可以听到地底下的隆隆声,那是地铁在运送通勤人员去西区。
将英语的拟声词译成汉语的拟声词,有时可保持原文中拟声词的词性及其在句子中的成分,例如:
(1) Whee-ee-ee! Whee-ee-ee! The police whistles shrilled 7 suddenly."的!的!"突然警笛响了。
(2) Those standing 8 behind whispered and chattered 9 all the time.站在身后的人们一直吱吱喳喳个没完。
(3) They hissed 10 him off the stage. 他们把他嘘下了台。
(4) The clock ticked, the fire cracked.钟声滴滴答答,火声劈劈啪啪。
英语拟声词多数是动词或名词,在句中作谓语、主语或宾语,而汉语拟声词多半带有形容词和副词的性质,作定语、状语或补语。所以英语拟声词翻译成汉语时,往往需要转换原文中拟声词的词性属性及句法功能。例如:
(1) About this time a brick came through the window with a splintering crash. 大约在这个时候,有人从窗户外面抛了一块砖进来,辟里啪拉砸得很响。(形容词──副词)
(2) The ship hooted 11 down the river.呜……那船沿江而下。(谓语动词──独立成分)
(3) The clock ticked away the minutes.钟声滴答滴答地把时间打发走了。(谓语动词──独立成分)
(4) A bitter storm of sleet 12, dense 13 and ice-cold, swept the wet streets, and rattled 14 on the trembling windows. 刺骨的暴风夹着密集而寒冷的雨雪,扫过湿漉漉的街道,打得颤抖的窗子格格作响。(谓语动词──副词)
必要时还可增补一定的词语,使语义完整、句法正确。例如:
(1) She slammed the box on the table.她把匣子砰的一下摔在桌子上。
(2) The man shut the door with a bang.那人砰的一声把门关上了。
(3) The wind whispered in the pines.风在松林中飒飒作响。
(4) The clang of the fire bell aroused the town.报火警钟的当当声惊醒了全镇。
B. 英语原文中用拟声词,汉语译文中不用
恰当地运用拟声词可增强感染力,使语言表达更加形象生动。但如果拟声词用得过滥或不得体,也会造成译文语言轻佻、累赘,从而破坏原文的表达力。因此原文中的拟声词有时可改用非拟声词来表达。例如:
(1) Old beams began to crack mysteriously.那些老屋梁神秘地发出裂开的响声。
(2) There was a large , low-ceiling room, with clacking, rattling 15 machines. 有一大间天花板很低的屋子,里面的机器响成一片。
(3) A profound silence prevailed over all and the only thing she could hear was the tap of ivy 16 on the pane 17.万籁俱寂,她唯一听到的是长青藤轻扣玻璃声。
(4) On my way to school I can see the babbling 18 water in the brook 19, hear the frogs creaking, cuckoos cuckooing, sparrows chirping 20 in the woods.上学路上,我能看见溪中的潺潺流水,能听见青蛙鸣、杜鹃啼,麻雀叫。
C. 英语原文中没有拟声词,汉语译文中加用拟声词
在一定的情况下可采用这种译法,以加强译文语言的表达力。例如:
(1) He crashed down on a protesting chair.他猛然坐到一把椅子上,椅子被压得吱吱作响。
(2) The lad rushed in , gasping 21 for breath.小伙子冲进来,呼哧呼哧上气不接下气。
(3) When he raised his hand, ten thousand eyes followed it.他把手儿一扬,千万人的眼睛跟着它滴溜溜地转
n.风箱;发出吼叫声,咆哮(尤指因痛苦)( bellow的名词复数 );(愤怒地)说出(某事),大叫v.发出吼叫声,咆哮(尤指因痛苦)( bellow的第三人称单数 );(愤怒地)说出(某事),大叫
- His job is to blow the bellows for the blacksmith. 他的工作是给铁匠拉风箱。 来自辞典例句
- You could, I suppose, compare me to a blacksmith's bellows. 我想,你可能把我比作铁匠的风箱。 来自辞典例句
v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声
- The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter.碟子碗碰得丁丁当当的。
- Don't clatter your knives and forks.别把刀叉碰得咔哒响。
发出咔哒声(clatter的过去式与过去分词形式)
- He dropped the knife and it clattered on the stone floor. 他一失手,刀子当啷一声掉到石头地面上。
- His hand went limp and the knife clattered to the ground. 他的手一软,刀子当啷一声掉到地上。
百叶窗( shutter的名词复数 ); (照相机的)快门
- The shop-front is fitted with rolling shutters. 那商店的店门装有卷门。
- The shutters thumped the wall in the wind. 在风中百叶窗砰砰地碰在墙上。
n.午宴,午餐,便宴
- We have luncheon at twelve o'clock.我们十二点钟用午餐。
- I have a luncheon engagement.我午饭有约。
n.隆隆声;吵嚷;v.隆隆响;低沉地说
- I hear the rumble of thunder in the distance.我听到远处雷声隆隆。
- We could tell from the rumble of the thunder that rain was coming.我们根据雷的轰隆声可断定,天要下雨了。
(声音)尖锐的,刺耳的,高频率的( shrill的过去式和过去分词 )
- Behind him, the telephone shrilled. 在他身后,电话铃刺耳地响了起来。
- The phone shrilled, making her jump. 电话铃声刺耳地响起,惊得她跳了起来。
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
- After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
- They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
(人)喋喋不休( chatter的过去式 ); 唠叨; (牙齿)打战; (机器)震颤
- They chattered away happily for a while. 他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。
- We chattered like two teenagers. 我们聊着天,像两个十多岁的孩子。
发嘶嘶声( hiss的过去式和过去分词 ); 发嘘声表示反对
- Have you ever been hissed at in the middle of a speech? 你在演讲中有没有被嘘过?
- The iron hissed as it pressed the wet cloth. 熨斗压在湿布上时发出了嘶嘶声。
(使)作汽笛声响,作汽车喇叭声( hoot的过去式和过去分词 )
- An owl hooted nearby. 一只猫头鹰在附近啼叫。
- The crowd hooted and jeered at the speaker. 群众向那演讲人发出轻蔑的叫嚣和嘲笑。
n.雨雪;v.下雨雪,下冰雹
- There was a great deal of sleet last night.昨夜雨夹雪下得真大。
- When winter comes,we get sleet and frost.冬天来到时我们这儿会有雨夹雪和霜冻。
a.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的
- The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
- The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
慌乱的,恼火的
- The truck jolted and rattled over the rough ground. 卡车嘎吱嘎吱地在凹凸不平的地面上颠簸而行。
- Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里,窗户都格格作响。
n.常青藤,常春藤
- Her wedding bouquet consisted of roses and ivy.她的婚礼花篮包括玫瑰和长春藤。
- The wall is covered all over with ivy.墙上爬满了常春藤。
n.窗格玻璃,长方块
- He broke this pane of glass.他打破了这块窗玻璃。
- Their breath bloomed the frosty pane.他们呼出的水气,在冰冷的窗玻璃上形成一层雾。
n.胡说,婴儿发出的咿哑声adj.胡说的v.喋喋不休( babble的现在分词 );作潺潺声(如流水);含糊不清地说话;泄漏秘密
- I could hear the sound of a babbling brook. 我听得见小溪潺潺的流水声。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Infamy was babbling around her in the public market-place. 在公共市场上,她周围泛滥着对她丑行的种种议论。 来自英汉文学 - 红字
n.小河,溪;v.忍受,容让
- In our room we could hear the murmur of a distant brook.在我们房间能听到远处小溪汩汩的流水声。
- The brook trickled through the valley.小溪涓涓流过峡谷。