时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   二、拟声词译法


  翻译英语拟声词时,除了闻声解意外,还应根据具体语境和修辞等要求,选用恰当的翻译方法。常见的拟声词译法大体有如下几种:
  A. 英语原文中有拟声词,汉译时也用拟声词
  英语原文中的拟声词在汉语中可译成相同的拟声词:
  (1) A turkey gobbles.火鸡咯咯叫。
  (2) A wolf howls/growls. 狼嚎。
  (3) A bee hums.蜜蜂嗡嗡地叫。
  (4) A bull bellows 1. 公牛哞哞地叫。
  (5) A sparrow twitters. 麻雀吱吱喳喳叫。
  有时也可译成不同的拟声词:
  (1) The train clattered 3 out of the station.火车哐唧哐唧驶出车站。
  (2) The shutters 4 clattered in the wind.百叶窗在风中劈劈啪啪作响。
  (3) The girls clattered away at their luncheon 5.午餐时女孩们咭咭呱呱地谈个不停
  (4) The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter 2.碟子碗碰得丁丁当当响。
  有时,英语原文中不同的拟声词在汉语中也可译成同一拟声词:
  (1) The thunder rolled in the distance. 远处雷声隆隆。
  (2) There came the hum of machines. 传来了机器的隆隆声。
  (3) The offices were quite. Far below I could hear the rumble 6 of tube trains carrying commuters to the west end.各办公室都很静,我可以听到地底下的隆隆声,那是地铁在运送通勤人员去西区。
  将英语的拟声词译成汉语的拟声词,有时可保持原文中拟声词的词性及其在句子中的成分,例如:
  (1) Whee-ee-ee! Whee-ee-ee! The police whistles shrilled 7 suddenly."的!的!"突然警笛响了。
  (2) Those standing 8 behind whispered and chattered 9 all the time.站在身后的人们一直吱吱喳喳个没完。
  (3) They hissed 10 him off the stage. 他们把他嘘下了台。
  (4) The clock ticked, the fire cracked.钟声滴滴答答,火声劈劈啪啪。
  英语拟声词多数是动词或名词,在句中作谓语、主语或宾语,而汉语拟声词多半带有形容词和副词的性质,作定语、状语或补语。所以英语拟声词翻译成汉语时,往往需要转换原文中拟声词的词性属性及句法功能。例如:
  (1) About this time a brick came through the window with a splintering crash. 大约在这个时候,有人从窗户外面抛了一块砖进来,辟里啪拉砸得很响。(形容词──副词)
  (2) The ship hooted 11 down the river.呜……那船沿江而下。(谓语动词──独立成分)
  (3) The clock ticked away the minutes.钟声滴答滴答地把时间打发走了。(谓语动词──独立成分)
  (4) A bitter storm of sleet 12, dense 13 and ice-cold, swept the wet streets, and rattled 14 on the trembling windows. 刺骨的暴风夹着密集而寒冷的雨雪,扫过湿漉漉的街道,打得颤抖的窗子格格作响。(谓语动词──副词)
  必要时还可增补一定的词语,使语义完整、句法正确。例如:
  (1) She slammed the box on the table.她把匣子砰的一下摔在桌子上。
  (2) The man shut the door with a bang.那人砰的一声把门关上了。
  (3) The wind whispered in the pines.风在松林中飒飒作响。
  (4) The clang of the fire bell aroused the town.报火警钟的当当声惊醒了全镇。
  B. 英语原文中用拟声词,汉语译文中不用
  恰当地运用拟声词可增强感染力,使语言表达更加形象生动。但如果拟声词用得过滥或不得体,也会造成译文语言轻佻、累赘,从而破坏原文的表达力。因此原文中的拟声词有时可改用非拟声词来表达。例如:
  (1) Old beams began to crack mysteriously.那些老屋梁神秘地发出裂开的响声。
  (2) There was a large , low-ceiling room, with clacking, rattling 15 machines. 有一大间天花板很低的屋子,里面的机器响成一片。
  (3) A profound silence prevailed over all and the only thing she could hear was the tap of ivy 16 on the pane 17.万籁俱寂,她唯一听到的是长青藤轻扣玻璃声。
  (4) On my way to school I can see the babbling 18 water in the brook 19, hear the frogs creaking, cuckoos cuckooing, sparrows chirping 20 in the woods.上学路上,我能看见溪中的潺潺流水,能听见青蛙鸣、杜鹃啼,麻雀叫。
  C. 英语原文中没有拟声词,汉语译文中加用拟声词
  在一定的情况下可采用这种译法,以加强译文语言的表达力。例如:
  (1) He crashed down on a protesting chair.他猛然坐到一把椅子上,椅子被压得吱吱作响。
  (2) The lad rushed in , gasping 21 for breath.小伙子冲进来,呼哧呼哧上气不接下气。
  (3) When he raised his hand, ten thousand eyes followed it.他把手儿一扬,千万人的眼睛跟着它滴溜溜地转

n.风箱;发出吼叫声,咆哮(尤指因痛苦)( bellow的名词复数 );(愤怒地)说出(某事),大叫v.发出吼叫声,咆哮(尤指因痛苦)( bellow的第三人称单数 );(愤怒地)说出(某事),大叫
  • His job is to blow the bellows for the blacksmith. 他的工作是给铁匠拉风箱。 来自辞典例句
  • You could, I suppose, compare me to a blacksmith's bellows. 我想,你可能把我比作铁匠的风箱。 来自辞典例句
v./n.(使)发出连续而清脆的撞击声
  • The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter.碟子碗碰得丁丁当当的。
  • Don't clatter your knives and forks.别把刀叉碰得咔哒响。
发出咔哒声(clatter的过去式与过去分词形式)
  • He dropped the knife and it clattered on the stone floor. 他一失手,刀子当啷一声掉到石头地面上。
  • His hand went limp and the knife clattered to the ground. 他的手一软,刀子当啷一声掉到地上。
百叶窗( shutter的名词复数 ); (照相机的)快门
  • The shop-front is fitted with rolling shutters. 那商店的店门装有卷门。
  • The shutters thumped the wall in the wind. 在风中百叶窗砰砰地碰在墙上。
n.午宴,午餐,便宴
  • We have luncheon at twelve o'clock.我们十二点钟用午餐。
  • I have a luncheon engagement.我午饭有约。
n.隆隆声;吵嚷;v.隆隆响;低沉地说
  • I hear the rumble of thunder in the distance.我听到远处雷声隆隆。
  • We could tell from the rumble of the thunder that rain was coming.我们根据雷的轰隆声可断定,天要下雨了。
(声音)尖锐的,刺耳的,高频率的( shrill的过去式和过去分词 )
  • Behind him, the telephone shrilled. 在他身后,电话铃刺耳地响了起来。
  • The phone shrilled, making her jump. 电话铃声刺耳地响起,惊得她跳了起来。
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
(人)喋喋不休( chatter的过去式 ); 唠叨; (牙齿)打战; (机器)震颤
  • They chattered away happily for a while. 他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。
  • We chattered like two teenagers. 我们聊着天,像两个十多岁的孩子。
发嘶嘶声( hiss的过去式和过去分词 ); 发嘘声表示反对
  • Have you ever been hissed at in the middle of a speech? 你在演讲中有没有被嘘过?
  • The iron hissed as it pressed the wet cloth. 熨斗压在湿布上时发出了嘶嘶声。
(使)作汽笛声响,作汽车喇叭声( hoot的过去式和过去分词 )
  • An owl hooted nearby. 一只猫头鹰在附近啼叫。
  • The crowd hooted and jeered at the speaker. 群众向那演讲人发出轻蔑的叫嚣和嘲笑。
n.雨雪;v.下雨雪,下冰雹
  • There was a great deal of sleet last night.昨夜雨夹雪下得真大。
  • When winter comes,we get sleet and frost.冬天来到时我们这儿会有雨夹雪和霜冻。
a.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的
  • The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
  • The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
慌乱的,恼火的
  • The truck jolted and rattled over the rough ground. 卡车嘎吱嘎吱地在凹凸不平的地面上颠簸而行。
  • Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里,窗户都格格作响。
n.常青藤,常春藤
  • Her wedding bouquet consisted of roses and ivy.她的婚礼花篮包括玫瑰和长春藤。
  • The wall is covered all over with ivy.墙上爬满了常春藤。
n.窗格玻璃,长方块
  • He broke this pane of glass.他打破了这块窗玻璃。
  • Their breath bloomed the frosty pane.他们呼出的水气,在冰冷的窗玻璃上形成一层雾。
n.胡说,婴儿发出的咿哑声adj.胡说的v.喋喋不休( babble的现在分词 );作潺潺声(如流水);含糊不清地说话;泄漏秘密
  • I could hear the sound of a babbling brook. 我听得见小溪潺潺的流水声。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Infamy was babbling around her in the public market-place. 在公共市场上,她周围泛滥着对她丑行的种种议论。 来自英汉文学 - 红字
n.小河,溪;v.忍受,容让
  • In our room we could hear the murmur of a distant brook.在我们房间能听到远处小溪汩汩的流水声。
  • The brook trickled through the valley.小溪涓涓流过峡谷。
鸟叫,虫鸣( chirp的现在分词 )
  • The birds,chirping relentlessly,woke us up at daybreak. 破晓时鸟儿不断吱吱地叫,把我们吵醒了。
  • The birds are chirping merrily. 鸟儿在欢快地鸣叫着。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
a narrow shave
actinopraxis
aircraft-mounted mine detector
al-daour
albedometers
amphicreatine
aptitude for
arched false work
armed reconnaissance
asahikawas
asphalt flooring
ataerio of drupelets
averill
bachet
bangs-bangs-bangs
be on leave
biological decomposition
blood sucker
busca
cauliflory
central frequency
coastal navigational warnings
coiler pulpit
cold mirrors
continuous charging
convergent filtration
counting on
cupr
delay sweep
dorkish
drum-kits
economy of scope
elbel
electric fog horn
errorlevel
fall of snow
filiforme
fillmass chute
first of same tenor and bate being unpaid
graphic-mode display
Gynutoclinus
high frequency thin film thickness meter
high temperature ablative material
Highmore's body
hochstein
hot gas flame
intermediate products
Koebe function
laterobronchus
liquid-pressure scales
log arithmic diode
losings
Mackinaw City
mean lead
Morciano di Romagna
Morus mongolica
Moszczenica
mucousness
non-delivery
nonahedrons
Ocarina of Time
ocean data acquisition system
oiltight bulkhead
orangethorpe
orthotopic small intestine transplantation
pericontinental area
pile weave
polemist
policy
polyxylic
port block
prehypertrophic
pro-Zionist
production speed
project engineer scheduling technique
Pseudoracelopus
pur.
raise foreign funds
reconceptualise
refrigerator mom
relative byte address
rod bipoiars
rolled sheet iron
scapuloanterior
seal (contact) face
separable acf
sexduction
sightreaders
site model
stooker
tariff kilometerage
tayloria indica
tegminal
transperineal
Tridax
ultra-distance
urban-cowboy
weak signals
winter-annual cover crops
work-lines
wound rotor series resistor starting
zoster frontalis