英语PK台 第436期:虚拟语气(1)
英语课
一、虚拟语气是什么?
虚拟语气用来表示假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、疑问语气、虚拟语气四类。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时,也用虚拟语气。
二、用法及动词形式
与现在事实相反:从句:If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were),主句:主语+should/would 1/could 2/might 3+do
例句:1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
2. If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
3. If there were no air or water, there would be no living 4 things on the earth 5.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
4. If I had 6 any money with me,I could lend 7 you some.
如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱)
5. If he studied harder,he might pass the exam 9.
如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力)
6. She looked at me as 8 if I had been a stranger 10.
她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。(事实:我并非陌生人)
与过去事实相反:从句:If 主语+had+done,主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done
例句:1. If I had got 11 there earlier, I should/could have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
2. If he had taken my advice 12, he would not have made 13 such 14 a mistake 15.
如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
对将来的主观推测:从句:①if+主语+were to do,主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do;从句:②if+主语+did/were,主句:②主语+should/would/could/might+do;从句:③if+主语+should+do,主句:③主语+should/would/could/might+do
例句:1. If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
(事实:来的可能性很小)
2. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:下雪可能性很小)
3. If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小)
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
- Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
- Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
- Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
- I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许
- It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
- Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗?
adj.活的,活着的,现存的;逼真的,一模一样的;生活的,维持生活的;n.生活,生计
- Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
- I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
v.把…借给;借给
- Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗?
- They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。
conj.按照;如同
- He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
- In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
n.(=examination)检查;考试
- I hope to pass this exam.我希望通过这次考试。
- His exam results were good.他的测验成绩不错。
n.陌生人;外地人,异乡人
- A stranger walked up to me and asked me the time.一个陌生人走到我跟前,问我时间。
- It's hard for a stranger to make friends in this town.外地人在这个城里很难交朋友。
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
- I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
- I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
n.忠告,建议,劝告
- After all my advice, he still went his own way.在我苦口婆心地相劝后,他仍然一意孤行。
- You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.你应该征求你的律师对这件事的意见。
v.make的过去式和过去分词
- They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
- The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
adj.如此的,这样的;pron.这样的;adv.如此地
- He is such a man.他是这样一个人。
- He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻,花光了所有的钱。
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