英语PK台 第588期:英语的被动语态(2)

 　　被动句的重要时态

　　①一般现在时/过去时：“be +动词过去分词 ”
　　②完成时态
　　A．现在完成时被动语气：“have been done”
　　B．过去完成时被动语气：“had been done”
　　③一般将来时被动语气：
　　即由“shall do”或“will do”变为“shall be done”或“will be done”。
　　主动：We shall build several big modern power plants in our city.
　　被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city.
　　我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
　　主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
　　被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September.
　　过年九月我将送我次子去读书。
　　主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
　　被动：You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.
　　他们将问你许多怪题。
　　主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations 1 in the future.
　　被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.
　　中国人民在未来将进行更多的太空探索。
　　④将来进行时：
　　将来进行时无被动，只能是主动形式的shall (will) be doing
　　We hope your company will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment.
　　我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。
　　In a few minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.
　　几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。
　　We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources 2 to meet the need for power.
　　我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。
　　What will you be doing this evening?
　　今晚你将做什么？
　　⑤现在进行时、过去进行时
　　现在进行时或过去进行时都是“be”的人称、时和数的形式加“doing”。而被动态则是“be”加上“being done”的形式，“being”是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态的重点，容易搞错。例如：
　　主动：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering 3 Institute.
　　被动：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.
　　工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。
　　The building of another fly-over is being planned.
　　他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。
　　Two reservoirs 4 are being built at the same time.
　　两座水库同时建造。
　　The nasty 5 question was being considered by the committee 6 members.
　　委员会的委员们之前正在考虑那个棘手的问题。
　　下列情况不用被动语态
　　①连系动词多不用被动句：(feel, sound, taste, smell )
　　例：The desk feels cold in winter.
　　课桌在冬天摸上去很冷。（feel是连系动词）
　　②不及物动词：happen=take place/belong to
　　Many changes have happened to the city.
　　这个城市，许多改变已经发生。
　　与被动句搭配的介词用法
　　I think these coats are made of wool.
　　（be made of 由......制成，看得见原材料）
　　Bread is made from wheat.
　　（be made from由......制成，看不见原材料）
　　The trains are made in Beijing.
　　（in在......地方）
　　The cakes are made by my mother.
　　（by被什么人）
　　These kites are made for the children.
　　（for为了什么人）
　　Glass is usually made into bottles.
　　（into 被制成什么）
　　Glasses are used for drinking.
　　（for指用途）
　　This thing can be used as a desk.
　　（as作为什么）
　　It is said that+句子：据说
　　It is believed that+句子：据信
　　It is thought that+句子：据认为
　　It is reported that+句子： 据报道
　　例：It is said that he has gone to Wuhan.
　　据说他已去了武汉。