时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   B. 把无生命主语转化成汉语复句


  英语中含无生命主语句,从语法上看常常是简单句,但却因含着一定的逻辑关系,有时还含有并列句和复合句的内容。翻译这类句子时,不能照搬原文表达形式,而要把无生命主语转换成有生命主语或是其他类型的主语,有时还要采用拆分等手段,以便把逻辑关系和时间顺序逐层表达出来。拆译前可增加一些连词(如"因为"、"所以"、"如果"、"虽然"、等),例如:
  (1) The bitter weather had driven everyone indoors.由于天气寒冷刺骨,人人都已躲进了室内。
  (2) The sight of the girl always reminds me of her parents.我一见到这个女孩,就想起她的父母。
  (3) A second term would give the President more power than was safe for republican institution. 如果总统竟然连任, 就会使总统权利太大而足以威胁共和制度的安全。
  (4) This medicine will make you feel better. 吃了药你会舒服些。
  C. 把无生命主语转化成汉语的状语
  这种情况下,一般把主语译成时间、地点状语。某些句子的宾语如是表示某种行为和动作的名词,可译为谓语,其定语译为主语。原谓语不翻译,因实质性内容是由宾语及定语表示的。例如:
  (1) As he puffed 1, an abrupt 2 sound startled him.他正吸烟时,猛然听到一种意料不到的声音,不由得吃了一惊。
  (2) Investigation 3 led us to the foregoing conclusion.经过调查, 我们得出了上述结论
  (3) The forty years, 1840-80, brought almost ten million migrants to America. 从1840至1880年这四十年中, 近一千万移民移居美国。
  (4) Down met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride.东方欲晓的时候, 他已走了一大段路了,这次骑马旅行是很愉快的,没有碰到意外事件。
  (5) Four days passed, and the fifth day found the King of the Blind still incognito 4 as a clumsy and useless stranger among his subjects. 四天过去了。 到了第五天,这位"盲人之王"仍被他的子民认为是个笨拙无用的外人。
  D. 把无生命主语转化成汉语的外位成分
  把无生命主语从原句拆出来,作为外位成分,必要时译成无主语句。有时,汉语句子的主语可用一个代词如"这"来替代。这种拆译和转换可以避免汉语的主语太长,又能使主谓靠拢,使整句结构紧凑、逻辑关系清晰。例如:
  (1) Zaire defies easy classification.很难把扎伊尔列入哪个类型中。
  (2) The heat makes me sweat like a pig. 热得我满头大汗。
  (3) The noise made everybody upset. 闹得大家不得安宁。
  (4) The small table overturning as he fell to the carpet helped bring her out of the shock. 他倒在地毯上,把小桌子撞翻,这才令她惊醒过来。
  E. 引申英语谓语动词的词义,加以适当变通。例如:
  (1) The courage escaped from me at the moment.那一刻我突然失去了勇气。
  (2) From his windows which overlooked the Bay of Naples, he saw a hundred places that recalled the Romans and the Greeks. The past began to haunt him. 他站在窗前就能俯视那不勒斯湾。此时,他凭窗远望,看到上百处残踪遗迹,因而联想到罗马和希腊的胜衰。他开始不停地思考起古代社会来。
  (3) Her name escaped me. 我记不起她的名字了。
  (4) Words failed him. 他说不出话来。
  (5) A smile warmed her face. 她的脸上洋溢着微笑。
  (6) Warning plates with a red skull 5 and crossbones said in three languages: Danger! 画着红色骷髅和交叉股骨的警告牌上用三种文字标出"危险"的字样。
  A lot of troubles visited the poor family.
  这个贫困的家庭遇到不少麻烦。
  F. 运用使役句式。例如:
  (1) His illness left him weak. 疾病使他虚弱。
  (2) Continuous rain prevented us from taking any outdoor exercise.阴雨连绵,使我们不能做任何室外运动。
  (3)The noise frightened me. 那个声音把我吓坏了。
  G. 采用拟人化的句式,但不能滥用。例如:
  (1) Illness deprives him of life. 疾病夺走了他的生命。
  (2) Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot.良好教养能打开最佳学历所打不开的门。
  (3) Words pay no debts. 空话还不了债。

adj.疏松的v.使喷出( puff的过去式和过去分词 );喷着汽(或烟)移动;吹嘘;吹捧
  • He lit a cigarette and puffed at it furiously. 他点燃了一支香烟,狂吸了几口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He felt grown-up, puffed up with self-importance. 他觉得长大了,便自以为了不起。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.突然的,意外的;唐突的,鲁莽的
  • The river takes an abrupt bend to the west.这河突然向西转弯。
  • His abrupt reply hurt our feelings.他粗鲁的回答伤了我们的感情。
n.调查,调查研究
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
adv.匿名地;n.隐姓埋名;adj.化装的,用假名的,隐匿姓名身份的
  • He preferred to remain incognito.他更喜欢继续隐姓埋名下去。
  • He didn't want to be recognized,so he travelled incognito.他不想被人认出,所以出行时隐瞒身分。
n.头骨;颅骨
  • The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
  • He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去,跌裂了颅骨。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
-faced
5-hydroxindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa)
abate a cause of action
absorption dynamometers
Actisan-5L
Adam's Bridge, Adams Bridge
Agamemnon
aluminium conductor steel rein- forced
Arenshausen
at the best
athyrium tozanense
atrophoderma vermiculata
bacciformis
bamian
bang-zone
bertall
bloomsdale
board the gravy train
bonding temperature
boron and water makeup system
cardo
centrale foramina
chittimwoods
citrous fruit
coacervation process
computer-aided design and drafting (cadd)
confidential adviser-advisee relations
Corydalis pseudorupestris
demergers
differential with side ring and radial cam plate
diks-diks
document of luggage transportation
Doshākh, Kuh-e
drivelers
empfindsamer Stil
european silver firs
ex-l
farouche
form pollen tubes
get sth. out of one's head
Gurjākhāni
hargis
Hermippe
horribilities
Hubble law
in-core instrumentation assembly
inductor dynamic loudspeaker
interrupt freeze mode
kelm
knotted chest with jaundice
learning-growth
lempel-ziv
lock state
lyg
Lythraceae
malagasy republics
margelov
Massay formula
Meesea
myeloarchitectures
non-locking shift character
nonconfessions
nonnegativity
numbersome
orbital septum
original accumulation
parkerization
pericardial disease
pseudoperichaeta roseanella
pulvis effervescens compositus
quasi cleavage fracture
quasi-real-time
radial servo
rajid
rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
reluctates
roof and ground plummet
rural tourism
sagittal suture
senior analyst
sennit
septa intermusculare posterius
short-circuit line
sinistral transcurrent
slow cooking process
spoofing attack
stationary bar screen
steam lift
steel beaker
stiffened skin
sulfonio
Taiwan Relation Act
task schedule
toe slab
trolley lander
ultrasonic communication
unfoldedness
ungrabbable
Wabenzi
weatherpersons
zinjanthropera