时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   直译是一种重要的翻译方法,它有不少优点,例如,能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。据估算,大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理,所以直译广为译者采用,由此可见直译法之重要。但是,直译具有一定局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆,晦涩难懂,有时不能正确传达原文意义,有时甚至事与愿违。所以,如果不顾场合,不顾中外两种语言差异,一味追求直译,就必然闯红灯,进入误区,造成误译。直译之所以有误区,是因为语言形式与内容,句子表层结构与深层意义有时不统一;另一方面,中外文化历史背景不同,造成了不同思维方式和不同语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译,指出过直译有局限性,但是直译到底有哪些局限性,它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区,明确这些误区,就要在翻译中避免一些错误,就可在直译行不通地的方采用意译。


  一、否定句型中直译误区
  英语中有一些一些句型不能完全采用直译法进行翻译,否则,就会造成误译,甚至与原意背道而驰,下列几种否定句型值得注意:
  1、部分否定句型,这种句型不同于汉语思维形式。
  I do not know all of them.
  误:对他们我都不认识。
  正:对他们我不是个个都认识。
  All the answers are not right.
  误:所有答案都不对。
  正:答案并非全对。
  Everybody wouldn't like it.
  误:每个人都不会喜欢它。
  正:并不是每上人都会喜欢它。
  2、单一否定中部分句型
  It is a long lane that had no turning.
  误:那是一条没有弯的长巷。
  正:无论多长巷也有弯地方(路必有弯,事必有变)。
  It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.
  误:聪明人从不犯错误。
  正:无论多么聪明的人也难免犯错误。
  We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.
  误:我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。
  正:对现代科学的价值无论怎样重视也不为过。
  It was not until years afterwards that he heard of Semmelweis.
  误:没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis消息。
  正:直到数年之后,他才听到Semmelweis 消息。
  二、长句直译误区
  在较长英语句子中存在着比较复杂的关系,很难按原则顺序用一句汉语表达出来,这就要根据英文句子特点和内在联系进行意译,不能的直译长句主要有三种处理方法。
  1、根据句子内在逻辑关系和汉语表达习惯进行翻译。例如:
  Thedifferences are that the dwellers 1 of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier conditions, than dwellers of surface cities do today.
  这个句子并不复杂,但不好译。这个句子有三层关系,比较、条件和结果,按这种逻辑关系翻译就十分省事。"同今天地面城市的居民相比,新洞穴居民如果在比较健康生态环境中生活,会有更多机会见到青枝绿叶。"
  2、有些长句需要直译与意译结合,顺译与递译结合,需要综合处理。
  But a broader and more generous, certainly more philosophical 2 view is held by those scientists who claim that the evidence of a war instinct in men is incomplete and misleading , and that man does have within him the power of abolishing war.
  这个句子主句部分可以意译,从句部分可直译。有些科学家观点更开阔,更富有普遍性和哲理性。他们指出,有关人类战争本能的证据尚不完全,而且容易引起误解,事实上,人类自身具有消除战争能力。

n.居民,居住者( dweller的名词复数 )
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
  • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
  • She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。
标签: 翻译
学英语单词
accident-avoidance
acute myelo-monocytic leukemia
apparatus capacity
ATC (automatic timing corrector)
Banadia
be all and end all
bench grinders
big-talk
bos'n bos'n
browser modifier
calypso-like
capishes
Chad-farthing
Chamberlain, (Arthur) Neville
chased down
china tea rose
Christlessness
comprehendingly
condenser fan motor contactor
copper insoluble metal
cross-tab
defensive sea area
deiniols
dichomyces inaequalis
dry abrasive paper
edentutous
Ellis, (Henry) Havelock
Elsham
epinephelus tukula
estuarial
expungings
feeding pack
feldspat (feldspar)
fero-
flash illumination
foamed sheet
glove-fight
go into tails
God's green footstool
grouped float
hard and fast rule
harmonic lake
Hemipilia cordifolia
heterocatalytic
huggiest
impulse per minute
inboard shaft
infrared albedo
ionospheric plasma
jelicks
lemahieu
lookout.
married print
matrix of cocycle basis
mcshann
measured spinning loss factor
mercury absolute pressure
metamorphic event
modification by program-self
navazio
nitrile resin
nonefficient
nonuniform convergent
Nyssapollenites
overflowed
oxidizing slag
pettings
plax
porretta
private nature
proprietor income
quiet automatic gain control
rapports
reproduction coefficient
reserved memory
Ribosidi
satb
Saussurea aster
scow sling
secondary-schools
secondleveloutcome
Sheldahl
single expansion steam engine
slope method
Sphagnobrya
Sporochnus
stage managership
standard normal distribution curve
Sterro metal
tampa bays
temerarity
temporal operator
the job ladder
three-piece can
time history form
twilight bow
upper valve gear housing
uranyl bromide trihydrate
vectogram method
weight watch
weighting meterial
zigzag pipe bender