时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   英译汉技巧:词义的选择和引伸技巧


  英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手:
  1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义
  They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词)
  He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词)
  Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词)
  2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。
  He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。
  He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。
  He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。
  This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
  词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。
  1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译。
  The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。
  2、词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。
  The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高,把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。
  3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词。
  Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦。

标签: 英译汉
学英语单词
acanthoidine
adjacent line
air-breather
ambiguohypoglossal
avoking
bestower
buffer reagent
buy-and-holds
catanator
caveling
chlordan
cost-reimbursement
de-activation
Deinotherioidea
democratic values
desoxypyridoxine
dexamethasones
diameter of working disk
diatonic auxiliary note
discretamine
domain magnetization
double-layer fluorescent screen
dropper plate of free grain
Drusze
dynamicize
editon
elbow equivalent
electrode-travel motor
embraced
endomycopsis hordel
Engler viscosimeter
fairwells
fang-likest
fawns on
federal radio act 1927
fling oneself into the breach
fluoroolefin
free-taking
general staff
grinding media charge
hachi
hard-fightings
Hatsukaichi
HRST
ignition of precipitate
inverse mercator
iodine trap
jM-factor
karhunen loeve transform (klt)
kemerer
laughing-eyed
liege poustie
light-alloy armo(u)r
Longué-Jumelles
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Louis Henri
market chaotic
multistage linear amplifier
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octuplex
optical fiber ribbons
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pass in a program
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photoelectrocatalytic reactor
phrenemphraxis
polar moments of inertia
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primordisl endoderm cells
reave
Rectocillin
residual concentration
Riemann upper integral
rifle shot
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second anchor
short-lived asset
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sniol
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speed change control
stalk extractor
structurality
Tharrawaw
thirst bucket
thoughted
three-dimensional imaging
throw dust in someone's eyes
transnationally
unwed mother
vel non
voiced sounds
votes down
well-customed
wharfies
wrecking