大学英语自学教程上UNIT19
时间：2018-12-29 作者：英语课 分类：大学英语自学教程上
英语课
[00:04.78] Animals at Risk:Who Cares ?
[00:07.31]动物处境危险：谁来关心？
[00:09.85]An animal species becomes extinct
[00:12.47]当一种动物不能在每一代
[00:15.10]when it fails to produce enough young in each generation
[00:18.08]都生育出足够的后代以便与死亡率相平衡时，
[00:21.05]to keep pace with the death-rate.
[00:23.09]它就逐渐灭绝。
[00:25.13]We can tell from fossil evidence in rocks
[00:27.51]从化石中我们可以找到证据，
[00:29.88]that many living species have become extinct over the millions of yearssince life began.
[00:34.12]说明自有生命以来在千百万年的时间里，许多生物物种已经成为灭绝。
[00:38.35]It is a natural process and extinction 1 is the fate of any animal that has
[00:42.37]这是一化，或者其竞争对手更有适应性，
[00:46.39]specialized too far to change when its environment changes,
[00:49.42]比它更强大，
[00:52.45]or has to compete with a better--adapted and more powerful animal.
[00:55.69]那么这种动物便命中洽谈室 要灭绝。
[00:58.93]Because of remarkable 2 technical developments during the past few centuries,
[01:02.81]近几个世纪以来，由于科学技术落后的世大发展，
[01:06.69]man has destroyed or nearly destroyed some species
[01:10.11]人类以超过动物园繁殖后代的速度来捕杀动物，
[01:13.53]by killing 3 them at such a rate that they couldn't produce enough offspring,
[01:16.92]或以惊人的速度彻底改变动物的自然环境，
[01:20.30]or by completely changing their natural environment at surprising speed.
[01:24.28]从而使一些动物物种灭绝或几乎灭绝。
[01:28.27]A number of examples can be given of the way
[01:31.14]自然环境正在迅速改变的例子可以举出许多，
[01:34.01]in which natural environments are being rapidly changed Amazonia,for instance.
[01:38.10]亚马逊尼亚国家公园便是一例。
[01:42.19]There is every likelihood that many species of animal swill 4 be made extinct
[01:46.06]完全有可能，许多种动物由于自然植被在这些
[01:49.92]because of these and similar clearances 5 of natural vegetation.
[01:53.19]或类似的地方被破坏殆尽而陷于灭绝。
[01:56.45]Large numbers of animals have been hunted and killed for food.
[01:59.94]大量动物作为肉食而被猎杀。
[02:03.43]The North American buffalo 6 is a case of the near-extinction of a species through hunting.
[02:07.61]北美洲水牛便是因捕猎而成为濒临灭绝物种的一个例子。
[02:11.79]Often the numbers are so great the hunter smay not realize the danger.
[02:15.76]动物数量常常很大，捕猎者可能意识不到危险的存在。
[02:19.73]But even when the danger is widely publicized,
[02:22.25]但即使人们广泛宣传这种危险性
[02:24.77]the financial rewards for the hunters
[02:27.00]由于经济利益太大，
[02:29.24]may be so great that they choose to ignore the threat to the species.
[02:32.41]捕猎者会置物种灭绝的危险于不顾。
[02:35.59]Attitudes like this have led to hunters killing animals for furs
[02:38.86]这种态度已使捕猎者为了取得皮毛、
[02:42.14]for ivory or merely for ornaments 7.
[02:44.52]象牙或纯粹为了获得装饰品而猎杀动物；
[02:46.90]A slight variation on this is when tourists hunt animals for trophies 8.
[02:50.78]与此稍有不同的是，旅游者猎杀动物是为了获取纪念品。
[02:54.65]Magnificent creatures such as lions and tigers
[02:57.89]像狮子和老虎之类的大型动物
[03:01.13]have been hunted out of existence in some parts of the world.
[03:04.36]在世界某些地方已被杀尽。
[03:07.59]It is important to realise,
[03:09.82]不过，还需要了解的是，
[03:12.05]thoughthat animals are sometimes killed out of fear.
[03:14.38]有些动物被杀是因为人们害怕它们。
[03:16.70]Big cats are killed in this way.
[03:19.18]有时某些大型猫科动物就是这样死于非命的。
[03:21.67]And animals are sometimes killed out of a wish to reduce numbers
[03:25.09]有时人们捕杀动物是为了减少其数量
[03:28.51]to help the species to survive.
[03:30.43]以使该物种得以生存。
[03:32.35]The killing of the Canadian seals is claimed to be for this purpose,
[03:36.18]捕杀加拿大海豹据说就是这样的目的，
[03:40.00]and the use of their skins for furs is only a by-product 9.
[03:43.43]而利用其皮毛仅是副产品而已。
[03:46.85]Many people are concerned about animals and wildlife conservation
[03:49.79]许多人关心着对动物和野生生物的保护。 [03:52.72]One way to preserve species under threat of extinction
[03:55.51]保护濒临灭绝的物种
[03:58.29]what ever the cause--is to remove them to zoos and parks and breed them there.
[04:02.42]不管何种原因造成的——其办法之一是将这些物种迁移到动物园和公园里饲养
[04:06.54]There is always the chance that enough offspring will be born
[04:09.52]总是有可能将其后代繁殖到足够数量
[04:12.50]to return them one day to their natural environment--provided it still exists,
[04:16.57]以便有朝一日放回到自然环境中去——如果这种物种还存在
[04:20.65]and that hunters don't kill them again!
[04:22.88]而且人类不再捕杀它的话！
[04:25.12]Another method is to protect the animals in their natural environment[04:28.54]另一种办法是建立野生动物禁猎区或野生动物园并且雇用禁猎人员看守
[04:31.96]by creating wildlife reserves and parks and using game wardens 10 to look after them.
[04:36.39]以此保护动物生活在自然的环境里。
[04:40.82]But the parks are large,
[04:42.64]但是野生动物园范围大，
[04:44.47]the wardens few and the determination of hunters very great.
[04:47.70]看护人员少，而捕猎者又敢于挺而走险。
[04:50.93]Early in 1980 wardens and hunters clashed in East Africa.
[04:54.70]1980年初看护人与捕猎人在东非发生冲突，捕猎者配备现代化武器，死了好几个人。
[04:58.48]The hunters were armed with modem 11 weapons and several people were killed.
[05:02.35]在自然的或接近自然的环境里观看野生动物会是一种很大的乐趣。
[05:06.23]There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural or nearnatural environments
[05:14.78]and tourism can add to the income of countries.
[05:17.66]这样的旅游业能给国家增加收入
[05:20.55]The animals are still resources--but in a very different form.
[05:23.97]动物仍是资源——只是另一种形式上十分不同的资源罢了。
[05:27.39]Text B
[05:30.45]The Killer 12 Smogs
[05:32.88]致命烟雾
[05:35.31]On the night of December 1,1930,
[05:38.19]1930年12月1日晚，
[05:41.08]a dense 13 fog moved over the Meuse Valley, in Belgium.
[05:44.20]一片浓雾笼罩着比利时默兹河流域，
[05:47.32]Many factories in the valley poured smoke and fumes 14 into the foggy air.
[05:50.96]那里的许多工厂将大量烟尘排入雾气蒙蒙的空中，
[05:54.59]This created a dark smog of smoke and fog combined.
[05:58.01]这样形成了烟与雾的混合物：黑色的烟雾。
[06:01.43]People in the valley began to cough and strain for breath.
[06:04.55]那个地区的居民开始咳嗽，呼吸困难。
[06:07.67]The smog remained for four days.
[06:10.05]烟雾持续了四天
[06:12.43]During that time, thousands of people became ill.
[06:15.35]在此期间，有几千人得病。
[06:18.28]The hospitals were filled with patients.
[06:20.76]医院里住满了病人，
[06:23.24]Sixty people died.
[06:25.16]有60人死亡，
[06:27.08]Most of them were older persons with heart and lung problems.
[06:30.32]多数为患有心肺疾病的老年人。
[06:33.56]Finally, a heavy rain washed away the smog.
[06:36.68]最后一场大雨将烟雾冲洗掉。
[06:39.80]Scientists studied the courses of the disaster.
[06:42.48]科学研究了疾病的原因，
[06:45.16]They concluded that the illnesses and deaths
[06:47.68]得出的结论是疾病和死亡都是烟雾中的
[06:50.20]were coursed by chemicals in the smog.
[06:52.33]化学物质所致。
[06:54.46]The first reported event of this kind in the United Stateshappened in Donora,
[06:58.43]美国首次报告的这类事件发生在多诺拉，
[07:02.40]a factory town in a valley near Pittsburgh.
[07:04.72]这是靠近匹兹堡的一个工业小镇
[07:07.05]In 1948, a killer smog made half of the population sickthere were 17 deaths.
[07:11.67]1948年致人死命的烟雾使一半居民得病，17人死亡。
[07:16.30]Again, older people with lung or heart diseases were hit hardest.
[07:19.98]同样，患有肺病或心脏病的老年人受害最甚。
[07:23.66]London,England, has always been known for its "black fogs."
[07:27.39]英国伦敦一向以“黑雾”而闻名。
[07:31.11]In the winter of 1952, a milky 15 white fog rolled into the city.
[07:34.79]1952年冬天，一股乳白色的大雾滚滚涌入这个城市。
[07:38.48]It soon turned into black smog as the smoke of the citypoured into the air.
[07:42.11]随着城市的烟尘排入天空，白雾很快变成黑色烟雾。
[07:45.74]It was so hard to see
[07:47.87]看东西很困难，
[07:50.00]that people had to walkin front of the buses to guide them. [07:52.79]人们不得不走在公共汽车前面为汽车引路。
[07:55.59]In this way, the most serious air pollution disaster in history began.
[07:59.22]就这样开创了历史上最严重的空气污染的灾难。
[08:02.85]When it was over, more than 4,0130 peoplehad been killed by the thick black smog.
[08:07.01]当这场灾难结束时，有4000多人死于浓黑的烟雾。
[08:11.18]New York City has had several London-type smogs since 1950.
[08:15.01]自1950年以来，纽约市发生过几次伦敦式的烟雾。
[08:18.83]Each time, there were from 100 to 400 deaths caused by the smog.
[08:22.87]每次烟雾都造成100至400人死亡。
[08:26.91]Although these smogs were not as deadly as London's,
[08:29.64]虽然这些烟雾不像伦敦烟雾那么可怕，
[08:32.37]New York City has the worst air pollution problem in the United States.
[08:35.75]但纽约市的空气污染问题在美国是最严重的
[08:39.13]In all the killer smogs,
[08:41.35]在各种致人死命的烟雾中，
[08:43.57]factories and homes poured smokeand fumes into the air from the furnaces.
[08:47.26]有工厂和家庭炉灶里排放到空气中的烟尘。
[08:50.94]The chemical fumes combined with the water droplets 16 in the fog
[08:54.03]化学烟尘与雾气中的水珠结合
[08:57.13]to form harmful substances.
[08:59.05]在一起形成有害物质。
[09:00.97]These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the polluted air[09:04.60]这些物质便使吸入这种污染空气的人得病。
[09:08.23]Usually,such harmful fumes rise into the upper airand are blown away by the wind.
[09:12.46]这种有害烟尘通常会上升到空气的上层，被风吹散。
[09:16.70]But sometimes there is an unusual weather condition
[09:19.43]但有时有一种特殊的天气状况
[09:22.16]called a temperature inversion 17.
[09:24.28]称为温度逆增。
[09:26.41]A layer of cold air remains 18 near the ground as smoke and fumes pour into it
[09:30.38]当烟尘排入空气时，冷空气层依然靠近地面，
[09:34.35]This is covered by an upper layer of warm air that acts like a lid.
[09:37.89]而在外层是暖空气，就像一个盖子。
[09:41.43]It prevents the polluted cooler air from rising.
[09:44.22]外层暖空气阻碍污染的冷空气上升。
[09:47.00]The harmful fumes pile up and make people ill.
[09:49.22]这样，有害烟尘便聚集起来，使人得病。
[09:51.44]The smog may be so thick that airprts are closed
[09:55.46]烟雾有可能很浓，使得机场被迫关闭，
[09:59.48]and chains of collisions occur on the highways.
[10:02.00]公路上会发生连续的撞车事故。
[10:04.53]Another type of smog occurs in Los Angeles.
[10:07.31]还有一类烟雾出现在洛杉矶。
[10:10.09]Here the weather may be clear and sunny.
[10:12.06]那里天气晴朗，阳光灿烂。
[10:14.03]But stinging eyes and dry coughs show that harmful chemicals fill the air
[10:17.51]但是人们干咳，眼睛刺痛，说明空气里充满有害化学物质。
[10:20.98]The smog is due to invisible gases, mostly from automobile 19 exhaust.
[10:24.71]这种烟雾是由一些看不见的气体，其中大部分是汽车废气造成的。
[10:28.43]Because these chemicals are changed by the sun high up in the air,
[10:31.55]因为这些化学物质被高空中的阳光照射而发生变化，
[10:34.67]Los Angeles smog is called photochemical smog.
[10:37.95]所以洛杉矶烟雾叫做光化烟雾。
[10:41.23]It contains automobile exhaust fumes
[10:43.66]这种烟雾含有汽车排出的废气
[10:46.09]and nitrogen oxides changed by the sun's rays.
[10:48.57]和被阳光照射后发生变化的氧化氮。
[10:51.05]Added to these are sulfur 20 dioxide
[10:53.18]除此之外，还有从工厂
[10:55.31]and other fumesfrom factories and oil refineries 21.
[10:57.84]与炼油厂排放出来的二氧化硫和其他烟尘。
[11:00.38]Photochemical smog is found in many large cities all over the world.
[11:03.76]全世界许多大城市都有光化烟雾。
[11:07.14]Killer smogs don't happen very often,fortunately.
[11:10.17]幸亏致人死命的烟雾不常出现。
[11:13.20]But in many large cities,
[11:15.28]但在许多城市，汽车废气、
[11:17.35]a combination of automobile exhaust fumeshome furnace smoke,
[11:20.63]家用炉灶冒出的烟尘以
[11:23.91]and factory waste gases pours into the air.
[11:26.43]及工厂废气都排放到空气中。
[11:28.95]This may also happen in the suburbs,or out in the country,
[11:32.19]这种情况也还可能出现在建有大型工厂的
[11:35.43]where large factories have been built.
[11:37.51]郊区与离城市的农村。
[11:39.59]A number of harmful substances have been found in the air there. [11:42.51]在这种气体中存在一些有害物质。
[11:45.44]When these substances are breathed in day after day,
[11:47.92]人们日复一日地吸入这些有害物质，
[11:50.40]the health of the population is affected 22.
[11:52.46]身体健康受到了影响。
[00:07.31]动物处境危险：谁来关心？
[00:09.85]An animal species becomes extinct
[00:12.47]当一种动物不能在每一代
[00:15.10]when it fails to produce enough young in each generation
[00:18.08]都生育出足够的后代以便与死亡率相平衡时，
[00:21.05]to keep pace with the death-rate.
[00:23.09]它就逐渐灭绝。
[00:25.13]We can tell from fossil evidence in rocks
[00:27.51]从化石中我们可以找到证据，
[00:29.88]that many living species have become extinct over the millions of yearssince life began.
[00:34.12]说明自有生命以来在千百万年的时间里，许多生物物种已经成为灭绝。
[00:38.35]It is a natural process and extinction 1 is the fate of any animal that has
[00:42.37]这是一化，或者其竞争对手更有适应性，
[00:46.39]specialized too far to change when its environment changes,
[00:49.42]比它更强大，
[00:52.45]or has to compete with a better--adapted and more powerful animal.
[00:55.69]那么这种动物便命中洽谈室 要灭绝。
[00:58.93]Because of remarkable 2 technical developments during the past few centuries,
[01:02.81]近几个世纪以来，由于科学技术落后的世大发展，
[01:06.69]man has destroyed or nearly destroyed some species
[01:10.11]人类以超过动物园繁殖后代的速度来捕杀动物，
[01:13.53]by killing 3 them at such a rate that they couldn't produce enough offspring,
[01:16.92]或以惊人的速度彻底改变动物的自然环境，
[01:20.30]or by completely changing their natural environment at surprising speed.
[01:24.28]从而使一些动物物种灭绝或几乎灭绝。
[01:28.27]A number of examples can be given of the way
[01:31.14]自然环境正在迅速改变的例子可以举出许多，
[01:34.01]in which natural environments are being rapidly changed Amazonia,for instance.
[01:38.10]亚马逊尼亚国家公园便是一例。
[01:42.19]There is every likelihood that many species of animal swill 4 be made extinct
[01:46.06]完全有可能，许多种动物由于自然植被在这些
[01:49.92]because of these and similar clearances 5 of natural vegetation.
[01:53.19]或类似的地方被破坏殆尽而陷于灭绝。
[01:56.45]Large numbers of animals have been hunted and killed for food.
[01:59.94]大量动物作为肉食而被猎杀。
[02:03.43]The North American buffalo 6 is a case of the near-extinction of a species through hunting.
[02:07.61]北美洲水牛便是因捕猎而成为濒临灭绝物种的一个例子。
[02:11.79]Often the numbers are so great the hunter smay not realize the danger.
[02:15.76]动物数量常常很大，捕猎者可能意识不到危险的存在。
[02:19.73]But even when the danger is widely publicized,
[02:22.25]但即使人们广泛宣传这种危险性
[02:24.77]the financial rewards for the hunters
[02:27.00]由于经济利益太大，
[02:29.24]may be so great that they choose to ignore the threat to the species.
[02:32.41]捕猎者会置物种灭绝的危险于不顾。
[02:35.59]Attitudes like this have led to hunters killing animals for furs
[02:38.86]这种态度已使捕猎者为了取得皮毛、
[02:42.14]for ivory or merely for ornaments 7.
[02:44.52]象牙或纯粹为了获得装饰品而猎杀动物；
[02:46.90]A slight variation on this is when tourists hunt animals for trophies 8.
[02:50.78]与此稍有不同的是，旅游者猎杀动物是为了获取纪念品。
[02:54.65]Magnificent creatures such as lions and tigers
[02:57.89]像狮子和老虎之类的大型动物
[03:01.13]have been hunted out of existence in some parts of the world.
[03:04.36]在世界某些地方已被杀尽。
[03:07.59]It is important to realise,
[03:09.82]不过，还需要了解的是，
[03:12.05]thoughthat animals are sometimes killed out of fear.
[03:14.38]有些动物被杀是因为人们害怕它们。
[03:16.70]Big cats are killed in this way.
[03:19.18]有时某些大型猫科动物就是这样死于非命的。
[03:21.67]And animals are sometimes killed out of a wish to reduce numbers
[03:25.09]有时人们捕杀动物是为了减少其数量
[03:28.51]to help the species to survive.
[03:30.43]以使该物种得以生存。
[03:32.35]The killing of the Canadian seals is claimed to be for this purpose,
[03:36.18]捕杀加拿大海豹据说就是这样的目的，
[03:40.00]and the use of their skins for furs is only a by-product 9.
[03:43.43]而利用其皮毛仅是副产品而已。
[03:46.85]Many people are concerned about animals and wildlife conservation
[03:49.79]许多人关心着对动物和野生生物的保护。 [03:52.72]One way to preserve species under threat of extinction
[03:55.51]保护濒临灭绝的物种
[03:58.29]what ever the cause--is to remove them to zoos and parks and breed them there.
[04:02.42]不管何种原因造成的——其办法之一是将这些物种迁移到动物园和公园里饲养
[04:06.54]There is always the chance that enough offspring will be born
[04:09.52]总是有可能将其后代繁殖到足够数量
[04:12.50]to return them one day to their natural environment--provided it still exists,
[04:16.57]以便有朝一日放回到自然环境中去——如果这种物种还存在
[04:20.65]and that hunters don't kill them again!
[04:22.88]而且人类不再捕杀它的话！
[04:25.12]Another method is to protect the animals in their natural environment[04:28.54]另一种办法是建立野生动物禁猎区或野生动物园并且雇用禁猎人员看守
[04:31.96]by creating wildlife reserves and parks and using game wardens 10 to look after them.
[04:36.39]以此保护动物生活在自然的环境里。
[04:40.82]But the parks are large,
[04:42.64]但是野生动物园范围大，
[04:44.47]the wardens few and the determination of hunters very great.
[04:47.70]看护人员少，而捕猎者又敢于挺而走险。
[04:50.93]Early in 1980 wardens and hunters clashed in East Africa.
[04:54.70]1980年初看护人与捕猎人在东非发生冲突，捕猎者配备现代化武器，死了好几个人。
[04:58.48]The hunters were armed with modem 11 weapons and several people were killed.
[05:02.35]在自然的或接近自然的环境里观看野生动物会是一种很大的乐趣。
[05:06.23]There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural or nearnatural environments
[05:14.78]and tourism can add to the income of countries.
[05:17.66]这样的旅游业能给国家增加收入
[05:20.55]The animals are still resources--but in a very different form.
[05:23.97]动物仍是资源——只是另一种形式上十分不同的资源罢了。
[05:27.39]Text B
[05:30.45]The Killer 12 Smogs
[05:32.88]致命烟雾
[05:35.31]On the night of December 1,1930,
[05:38.19]1930年12月1日晚，
[05:41.08]a dense 13 fog moved over the Meuse Valley, in Belgium.
[05:44.20]一片浓雾笼罩着比利时默兹河流域，
[05:47.32]Many factories in the valley poured smoke and fumes 14 into the foggy air.
[05:50.96]那里的许多工厂将大量烟尘排入雾气蒙蒙的空中，
[05:54.59]This created a dark smog of smoke and fog combined.
[05:58.01]这样形成了烟与雾的混合物：黑色的烟雾。
[06:01.43]People in the valley began to cough and strain for breath.
[06:04.55]那个地区的居民开始咳嗽，呼吸困难。
[06:07.67]The smog remained for four days.
[06:10.05]烟雾持续了四天
[06:12.43]During that time, thousands of people became ill.
[06:15.35]在此期间，有几千人得病。
[06:18.28]The hospitals were filled with patients.
[06:20.76]医院里住满了病人，
[06:23.24]Sixty people died.
[06:25.16]有60人死亡，
[06:27.08]Most of them were older persons with heart and lung problems.
[06:30.32]多数为患有心肺疾病的老年人。
[06:33.56]Finally, a heavy rain washed away the smog.
[06:36.68]最后一场大雨将烟雾冲洗掉。
[06:39.80]Scientists studied the courses of the disaster.
[06:42.48]科学研究了疾病的原因，
[06:45.16]They concluded that the illnesses and deaths
[06:47.68]得出的结论是疾病和死亡都是烟雾中的
[06:50.20]were coursed by chemicals in the smog.
[06:52.33]化学物质所致。
[06:54.46]The first reported event of this kind in the United Stateshappened in Donora,
[06:58.43]美国首次报告的这类事件发生在多诺拉，
[07:02.40]a factory town in a valley near Pittsburgh.
[07:04.72]这是靠近匹兹堡的一个工业小镇
[07:07.05]In 1948, a killer smog made half of the population sickthere were 17 deaths.
[07:11.67]1948年致人死命的烟雾使一半居民得病，17人死亡。
[07:16.30]Again, older people with lung or heart diseases were hit hardest.
[07:19.98]同样，患有肺病或心脏病的老年人受害最甚。
[07:23.66]London,England, has always been known for its "black fogs."
[07:27.39]英国伦敦一向以“黑雾”而闻名。
[07:31.11]In the winter of 1952, a milky 15 white fog rolled into the city.
[07:34.79]1952年冬天，一股乳白色的大雾滚滚涌入这个城市。
[07:38.48]It soon turned into black smog as the smoke of the citypoured into the air.
[07:42.11]随着城市的烟尘排入天空，白雾很快变成黑色烟雾。
[07:45.74]It was so hard to see
[07:47.87]看东西很困难，
[07:50.00]that people had to walkin front of the buses to guide them. [07:52.79]人们不得不走在公共汽车前面为汽车引路。
[07:55.59]In this way, the most serious air pollution disaster in history began.
[07:59.22]就这样开创了历史上最严重的空气污染的灾难。
[08:02.85]When it was over, more than 4,0130 peoplehad been killed by the thick black smog.
[08:07.01]当这场灾难结束时，有4000多人死于浓黑的烟雾。
[08:11.18]New York City has had several London-type smogs since 1950.
[08:15.01]自1950年以来，纽约市发生过几次伦敦式的烟雾。
[08:18.83]Each time, there were from 100 to 400 deaths caused by the smog.
[08:22.87]每次烟雾都造成100至400人死亡。
[08:26.91]Although these smogs were not as deadly as London's,
[08:29.64]虽然这些烟雾不像伦敦烟雾那么可怕，
[08:32.37]New York City has the worst air pollution problem in the United States.
[08:35.75]但纽约市的空气污染问题在美国是最严重的
[08:39.13]In all the killer smogs,
[08:41.35]在各种致人死命的烟雾中，
[08:43.57]factories and homes poured smokeand fumes into the air from the furnaces.
[08:47.26]有工厂和家庭炉灶里排放到空气中的烟尘。
[08:50.94]The chemical fumes combined with the water droplets 16 in the fog
[08:54.03]化学烟尘与雾气中的水珠结合
[08:57.13]to form harmful substances.
[08:59.05]在一起形成有害物质。
[09:00.97]These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the polluted air[09:04.60]这些物质便使吸入这种污染空气的人得病。
[09:08.23]Usually,such harmful fumes rise into the upper airand are blown away by the wind.
[09:12.46]这种有害烟尘通常会上升到空气的上层，被风吹散。
[09:16.70]But sometimes there is an unusual weather condition
[09:19.43]但有时有一种特殊的天气状况
[09:22.16]called a temperature inversion 17.
[09:24.28]称为温度逆增。
[09:26.41]A layer of cold air remains 18 near the ground as smoke and fumes pour into it
[09:30.38]当烟尘排入空气时，冷空气层依然靠近地面，
[09:34.35]This is covered by an upper layer of warm air that acts like a lid.
[09:37.89]而在外层是暖空气，就像一个盖子。
[09:41.43]It prevents the polluted cooler air from rising.
[09:44.22]外层暖空气阻碍污染的冷空气上升。
[09:47.00]The harmful fumes pile up and make people ill.
[09:49.22]这样，有害烟尘便聚集起来，使人得病。
[09:51.44]The smog may be so thick that airprts are closed
[09:55.46]烟雾有可能很浓，使得机场被迫关闭，
[09:59.48]and chains of collisions occur on the highways.
[10:02.00]公路上会发生连续的撞车事故。
[10:04.53]Another type of smog occurs in Los Angeles.
[10:07.31]还有一类烟雾出现在洛杉矶。
[10:10.09]Here the weather may be clear and sunny.
[10:12.06]那里天气晴朗，阳光灿烂。
[10:14.03]But stinging eyes and dry coughs show that harmful chemicals fill the air
[10:17.51]但是人们干咳，眼睛刺痛，说明空气里充满有害化学物质。
[10:20.98]The smog is due to invisible gases, mostly from automobile 19 exhaust.
[10:24.71]这种烟雾是由一些看不见的气体，其中大部分是汽车废气造成的。
[10:28.43]Because these chemicals are changed by the sun high up in the air,
[10:31.55]因为这些化学物质被高空中的阳光照射而发生变化，
[10:34.67]Los Angeles smog is called photochemical smog.
[10:37.95]所以洛杉矶烟雾叫做光化烟雾。
[10:41.23]It contains automobile exhaust fumes
[10:43.66]这种烟雾含有汽车排出的废气
[10:46.09]and nitrogen oxides changed by the sun's rays.
[10:48.57]和被阳光照射后发生变化的氧化氮。
[10:51.05]Added to these are sulfur 20 dioxide
[10:53.18]除此之外，还有从工厂
[10:55.31]and other fumesfrom factories and oil refineries 21.
[10:57.84]与炼油厂排放出来的二氧化硫和其他烟尘。
[11:00.38]Photochemical smog is found in many large cities all over the world.
[11:03.76]全世界许多大城市都有光化烟雾。
[11:07.14]Killer smogs don't happen very often,fortunately.
[11:10.17]幸亏致人死命的烟雾不常出现。
[11:13.20]But in many large cities,
[11:15.28]但在许多城市，汽车废气、
[11:17.35]a combination of automobile exhaust fumeshome furnace smoke,
[11:20.63]家用炉灶冒出的烟尘以
[11:23.91]and factory waste gases pours into the air.
[11:26.43]及工厂废气都排放到空气中。
[11:28.95]This may also happen in the suburbs,or out in the country,
[11:32.19]这种情况也还可能出现在建有大型工厂的
[11:35.43]where large factories have been built.
[11:37.51]郊区与离城市的农村。
[11:39.59]A number of harmful substances have been found in the air there. [11:42.51]在这种气体中存在一些有害物质。
[11:45.44]When these substances are breathed in day after day,
[11:47.92]人们日复一日地吸入这些有害物质，
[11:50.40]the health of the population is affected 22.
[11:52.46]身体健康受到了影响。
n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种
- The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
- The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。
adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的
- She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
- These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财
- Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
- Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
v.冲洗；痛饮；n.泔脚饲料；猪食；（谈话或写作中的）无意义的话
- Having finished his coffee,he swilled out the mug and left it on the draining board.喝完咖啡后，他涮了涮杯子然后把它放在滴水板上。
- A crowd of men were standing around swilling beer.一群人正站在一起痛饮啤酒。
清除( clearance的名词复数 )； 许可； （录用或准许接触机密以前的）审查许可； 净空
- But I can't get to him without clearances. 但是没有证明我就没法见到他。
- The bridge and the top of the bus was only ten clearances. 桥与公共汽车车顶之间的间隙只有十厘米。
n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛
- Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
- The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。
n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 )
- The shelves were chock-a-block with ornaments. 架子上堆满了装饰品。
- Playing the piano sets up resonance in those glass ornaments. 一弹钢琴那些玻璃饰物就会产生共振。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖
- His football trophies were prominently displayed in the kitchen. 他的足球奖杯陈列在厨房里显眼的位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The hunter kept the lion's skin and head as trophies. 这猎人保存狮子的皮和头作为纪念品。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.副产品，附带产生的结果
- Freedom is the by-product of economic surplus.自由是经济盈余的副产品。
- The raw material for the tyre is a by-product of petrol refining.制造轮胎的原材料是提炼汽油时产生的一种副产品。
n.看守人( warden的名词复数 )；管理员；监察员；监察官
- Air raid wardens in tin hats self-importantly stalked the streets. 空袭民防队员戴着钢盔神气活现地走在街上昂首阔步。 来自辞典例句
- The game wardens tranquillized the rhinoceros with a drugged dart. 猎物保护区管理员用麻醉射器让犀牛静了下来。 来自辞典例句
n.调制解调器
- Does your computer have a modem?你的电脑有调制解调器吗？
- Provides a connection to your computer via a modem.通过调制解调器连接到计算机上。
n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者
- Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
- The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。
a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的
- The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
- The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体
- The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
- Exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。
adj.牛奶的，多奶的；乳白色的
- Alexander always has milky coffee at lunchtime.亚历山大总是在午餐时喝掺奶的咖啡。
- I like a hot milky drink at bedtime.我喜欢睡前喝杯热奶饮料。
n.小滴( droplet的名词复数 )
- Droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了滴滴汗珠。 来自辞典例句
- In constrast, exhaled smoke contains relatively large water droplets and appears white. 相反，从人嘴里呼出的烟则包含相当大的水滴，所以呈白色。 来自辞典例句
n.反向，倒转，倒置
- But sometimes there is an unusual weather condition called a temperature inversion.但有时会有一种被称作“温度逆增”的不平常的天气状态。
- And finally,we made a discussion on the problems in the cooperative inversion.最后，对联合反演中存在的问题进行了讨论。
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
- He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
- The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
n.汽车，机动车
- He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
- The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。
n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur）
- Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
- Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。
精炼厂( refinery的名词复数 )
- The efforts on closedown and suspension of small sugar refineries, small saccharin refineries and small paper mills are also being carried out in steps. 关停小糖厂、小糖精厂、小造纸厂的工作也已逐步展开。
- Hence the sitting of refineries is at a distance from population centres. 所以，炼油厂的厂址总在远离人口集中的地方。