时间:2018-11-29 作者:英语课 分类:北外翻译笔记


英语课

   由于英汉文化存在许多差异,因此英语中某些文化词语在汉语中根本就没有对等词,形成了词义上的空缺。在这种情况下,英译汉时常常要采用加注法来弥补空缺。加注通常可以用来补充诸如背景材料、词语起源等相关信息,便于读者理解。加注法可分为音译加注和直译加注两种。


  音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。注释可长可短,可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。例如:
  cartoon 卡通片
  Hamburger 汉堡包
  Benz 奔驰车
  clone 克隆(一种无性繁殖方法)
  sauna  桑那浴(源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴)
  hacker 1 黑客(在信息空间中主动出击,对他人的电脑或网络系统进行诸如窥探、篡改或盗窃保密的数据及程序的过程,并可能由此造成混乱和破坏的电脑迷)
  El Nino 厄尔尼诺(现象)(指严重影响全球气候的太平洋热带海域的大风及海水的大规模移动)
  Bunsen 本生灯(一种煤气灯)
  AIDS 爱滋病(一种性免疫缺损综合症)
  (1) Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more this poor old nervous victim?
  按照这样的养生之道,别说这可怜的老太太了,就连健康女神哈奇亚*也会害病。
  *哈奇亚是希腊神话中的健康女神。
  (2) Big Ben is ringing the hour.大本钟*在当当报时。
  *伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。
  (3) Pizza is my son's favorite American food. 比萨饼是我儿子最喜欢的美国食品。
  (4) New York was never Mecca to me.纽约从不是我心中的圣地麦加。
  (5) Like a son of Bachus, he can drink up two bottles of whisky at a breath.
  他简直像酒神巴赫斯的儿子,能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌。
  *巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神。
  (6) Say you shoot a video that you think is particularly artsy. Beam it out and make a small fortune by charging an untold 2 number of viewers a fee for watching. Peter Jennings would be obsolete 3.
  你拍了一部自认为特别有艺术价值的电视片,那就将此片对外播放,并通过向无数的观众收费挣点钱。这样人们就不再需要著名的新闻播音员彼特·杰宁斯了。.
  (7)He saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suites 4 of Ritzes.
  他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服,被恭恭敬敬地引进了像里兹饭店*一般的豪华旅馆的客房里下榻。
  *里兹饭店原为瑞士人里兹(1850-1919)开设,以豪华著称。
  (8)A dead leaf fell in Soapy's lap. That was Jack 5 Frost's card.
  一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰克·弗罗斯特*的名片。
  *杰克·弗罗斯特(Jack Frost)是英文里对"寒霜"的拟人称号。
  (9)"It is true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhic victory," said the General.
  将军说:"敌人确实赢得了战斗,但他们的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利*,得不偿失。"
  *皮洛士(Pyrrhus)是古希腊伊庇鲁斯国王,曾率兵至意大利与罗马交战,付出惨重代价,打败罗马军队,由此即以"皮洛士式的胜利"一词来借喻惨重的代价。
  (10)Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well have the final say.
  拥有最后发言权的,并非乔治·盖洛普*民意测验,而是南希·里根。
  *乔治·盖洛普(1901- )为美国统计学家。他发明的民意测验方法在西方广为流行。他的名字"盖洛普"也就成了这种测验方法的通称。
  (11)You look like AL-Capone in that suit.
  你穿上那套衣服,看上去就像个流氓阿尔·卡彭*了。
  *阿尔·卡彭是美国历史上一著名歹徒,芝加哥犯罪集团的一首领。
  (12) Big Ben is ringing the hour.
  大本钟*在当当报时。
  *伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。
  (13) It is always inspiring to see a brave man fighting for a lost cause, and I never cease to admire the Jacobitish zeal 6 with which year after year Mr. John Ervine carries on a guerrilla war-fare against the ever-increasing power of tobacco.
  看勇敢的人为一种无望的事业而奋斗总令人鼓舞。我心里一直钦佩约翰·欧文先生年复一年地以斯图亚特王朝拥护者的热忱,进行游击战般的战斗,来对抗日益增强的烟草势力。
  *Jacobitish系Jacobite的形容词形式,指1688年被迫退位的英王JamesII的拥护者,James II王室即所谓的 House of Stuart(斯图亚特王室)
  (14) He slipped out of the State Department and crossed the Potomac to Arlington, Virginia, where the civil
  ceremony took place.
  他偷偷溜出了国务院,渡过波托马克河到弗吉尼亚州的阿林顿县,在那里举行了公民结婚仪式。
  直译加注指直译原文,并附加解释性注释。注释可长可短,既可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。例如:
  Big Apple 大苹果(纽约的别称)
  mad-cow disease 疯牛病(牛海绵状脑病)
  Oval Office 椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室)
  Desert Storm 沙漠风暴(1991年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打击行动)

1 hacker
n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人,电脑黑客
  • The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia.这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
  • This site was attacked by a hacker last week.上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。
2 untold
adj.数不清的,无数的
  • She has done untold damage to our chances.她给我们的机遇造成了不可估量的损害。
  • They suffered untold terrors in the dark and huddled together for comfort.他们遭受着黑暗中的难以言传的种种恐怖,因而只好挤在一堆互相壮胆。
3 obsolete
adj.已废弃的,过时的
  • These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了,在市场上卖不了高价。
  • They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。
4 suites
n.套( suite的名词复数 );一套房间;一套家具;一套公寓
  • First he called upon all the Foreign Ministers in their hotel suites. 他首先到所有外交部长住的旅馆套间去拜访。 来自辞典例句
  • All four doors to the two reserved suites were open. 预定的两个套房的四扇门都敞开着。 来自辞典例句
5 jack
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克
  • I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
  • He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。
6 zeal
n.热心,热情,热忱
  • Revolutionary zeal caught them up,and they joined the army.革命热情激励他们,于是他们从军了。
  • They worked with great zeal to finish the project.他们热情高涨地工作,以期完成这个项目。
标签: 翻译 笔记
学英语单词
a narrow shave
actinopraxis
aircraft-mounted mine detector
al-daour
albedometers
amphicreatine
aptitude for
arched false work
armed reconnaissance
asahikawas
asphalt flooring
ataerio of drupelets
averill
bachet
bangs-bangs-bangs
be on leave
biological decomposition
blood sucker
busca
cauliflory
central frequency
coastal navigational warnings
coiler pulpit
cold mirrors
continuous charging
convergent filtration
counting on
cupr
delay sweep
dorkish
drum-kits
economy of scope
elbel
electric fog horn
errorlevel
fall of snow
filiforme
fillmass chute
first of same tenor and bate being unpaid
graphic-mode display
Gynutoclinus
high frequency thin film thickness meter
high temperature ablative material
Highmore's body
hochstein
hot gas flame
intermediate products
Koebe function
laterobronchus
liquid-pressure scales
log arithmic diode
losings
Mackinaw City
mean lead
Morciano di Romagna
Morus mongolica
Moszczenica
mucousness
non-delivery
nonahedrons
Ocarina of Time
ocean data acquisition system
oiltight bulkhead
orangethorpe
orthotopic small intestine transplantation
pericontinental area
pile weave
polemist
policy
polyxylic
port block
prehypertrophic
pro-Zionist
production speed
project engineer scheduling technique
Pseudoracelopus
pur.
raise foreign funds
reconceptualise
refrigerator mom
relative byte address
rod bipoiars
rolled sheet iron
scapuloanterior
seal (contact) face
separable acf
sexduction
sightreaders
site model
stooker
tariff kilometerage
tayloria indica
tegminal
transperineal
Tridax
ultra-distance
urban-cowboy
weak signals
winter-annual cover crops
work-lines
wound rotor series resistor starting
zoster frontalis