英语PK台 第446期:虚拟语气(3)
英语课
第三讲 虚拟语气在几大经典款短语及从句里的运用
第一类：wish后宾语从句用虚拟
如果表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would 1 / could 2+have +过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。注意：I wish 准确的翻译是：要是……
例句：I wish you were more careful.
要是你更仔细点就好了。（与现在相反）
I wish I hadn't said 5 that.
我要是没有说那话就好了。（与过去相反）
I wish I could speak your language 6.
但愿我能讲你们国家的话。（将来愿望）
I wish Tessa could have come to my party.
要是特萨能参加我的晚会就好了。（与过去相反，尤其表示“能做而没有做”）
第二类：if only后句子用虚拟
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。
例句：If only I weren't so nervous 7.
但愿我不这样紧张。（与现在相反）
If only I had 4 listened to your advice 8!
我要是听了你的劝告就好了!（与过去相反）
第三类：as 9 if (though) 从句用虚拟
1. as if 从句用陈述语气的情况
当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时
例句：It sounds as if it is raining.
听起来像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk 10.
从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
2. as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时, 用虚拟语气；若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might 11, could)+动词原形
（1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时
You look as if you didn't care 3.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew where she was 12.
他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。
（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
He talks about Rome 13 as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.
那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。
（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会
- Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
- Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？
v.能，可能(can的过去式)；aux.v.(can的过去式)能；可以
- Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
- I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
n.小心，照料，忧虑；v.关心，照顾，喜爱，介意
- I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。
- Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
- He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
- He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
n.语言
- Is English a hard language to learn?英语是一种难学的语言吗？
- Language is a wonderful thing.语言是极好的东西。
adj.神经的；紧张不安的，神经过敏的
- He feels nervous when he faces so many people.面对那么多人，他感到紧张。
- He was over nervous.他太紧张了。
n.忠告，建议，劝告
- After all my advice, he still went his own way.在我苦口婆心地相劝后，他仍然一意孤行。
- You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.你应该征求你的律师对这件事的意见。
conj.按照；如同
- He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
- In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
adj.醉酒的；(喻)陶醉的；n.酗酒者，醉汉
- People who drives when they are drunk should be heavily penalised.醉酒驾车的人应受重罚。
- She found him drunk when she came home at night.她晚上回家时，经常发现他醉醺醺的。
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能；可以，允许
- It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
- Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗？
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