时间:2019-03-06 作者:英语课 分类:英语PK台


英语课

   第四讲 虚拟语气在几大经典款短语及从句里的运用


  第四类:It's time从句用虚拟
  从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”。It's = It is 所以一般是对现在或将来的假设,“现在该干某事了.....”。
  例句:It's time we ordered dinner.
  现在该叫菜(晚餐)了。
  I think it's time you made up her mind.
  我想你该拿定主意了。
  第五类:would rather后句子用虚拟
  通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望(必然是一种假设),用过去完成时表过去的愿望
  例句:I'd rather you didn't do it.
  你宁愿你别这样做。(现在或将来的愿望)
  I would rather you didn't mention the price.
  我宁愿意你不提价钱。(现在或将来的愿望)
  I would rather you hadn't said it.
  我真希望你没这么说过。(过去的愿望)
  第六类:某些用虚拟语气的宾语从句
  在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等(因为都是尚未发生之事)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持 (insist)、两个命令 (order, command)、三个建议 (advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求 (demand, require, request, ask)”,这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
  例句:I insisted that he (should) stay.
  我坚持要他留下。
  The doctor advised that he(should) change his job.
  医生劝他换工作。
  特别注意:动词insist, suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若从句内容尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若从句内容已经成为事实,则用陈述语气。
  例句:He insisted that I had read his letter.
  他坚持说我看过他的信。(已成事实)
  He insisted that I should read his letter.
  他坚持要我看他的信。(尚未成为事实)
  第七类:某些用虚拟语气的主语从句
  形容词 important, impossible, necessary等后的主语从句通常用虚拟语气。It is important 做某事很重要;It is impossible 做某事不可能;It is necessary 做某事很必要,其实都是指向尚未发生的事情,用虚拟也就理所当然了。
  例句:It is impossible that he should leave here.
  他不可能会离开这儿。
  It is necessary that he be sent there at once.
  有必要马上派他到那里去。

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