英语PK台 第346期:主语从句从头学(1)
英语课
定义:
在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。也就是说:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
例句:
That she survived the air crash is a miracle.
空难中她幸存了,简直是个奇迹。
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
明天是否可以在露天开派对得看天气情况。
What you need is more practice.
你需要的就是实践。
Where we should go is a problem.
我们要去哪儿真是一个问题。
When they will come hasn't been made public.
他们的来访时间还未公布。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鲸鱼不是鱼,这是一个常识。
引导词(连词):
1. 从属连词引导的主语从句:that/whether/if
that引导的主语从句:引导词that 无含义,在句中不单独做成分,不可以省。注意:That 引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语。
例如:
That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
你不太可能获得奖牌。
That she survived the air crash is a miracle.
空难中她幸存了,简直是个奇迹。
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
鲸鱼不是鱼,这是一个常识。
whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不单独做成分,不可以省。注意:引导主语从句,不能用if不能在开头,只能用whether。
例如:
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
明天是否可以在露天开派对得看天气情况。
Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much.
她能不能来其实并不重要。
if 引导的主语从句:if不能在开头,需要用形式主语it,句首只能用whether。
例如:
It is not my business if it is right to do.
这样做对不对不关我的事。
不能说:If it is right to do is not my business.
可以说:Whether it is right to do is not my business.
2. 用连接代词引导的主语从句:who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever
在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分。
例如:
What you need is more practice.
你需要的就是实践。
Whatever we learn from the changes of Chinese characters is the core of social and cultural development.
我们从学习中文的变化中可以了解社会文化发展的精髓。
补充:whatever/whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义,它引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。
例如:
任何触犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. (主语从句)
(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. (让步状语从句)
(=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.)
3. 连接副词:when, where, why, how
由连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语)。
例如:
Where we should go is a problem.
我们要去哪儿真的是一个问题。
When they will come hasn't been made public.
他们的来访时间还未公布。
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