英语PK台 第393期:现在分词基础全讲解(1)
英语课
什么是现在分词?
现在分词(present participle)(又称-ing形式,现在进行式),是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语,状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
现在分词的构成
现在分词是由动词原形加词尾ing构成。现在分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例):一般式doing;被动式being done;完成式having done;完成被动式 having been done;否定形式not +现在分词
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.
不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry.
他没来使我们大家都很生气。
现在分词的一般式和完成式
现在分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
Being a student, he was interested in politics.
作为一个学生,他对政治很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations 1.
因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
现在分词的被动式
现在分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者。根据现在分词动作发生的时间,现在分词的被动式有:一般被动式(being done);完成被动式(having been done)
The question being discussed is very important.
正在被讨论的问题很重要。
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.
他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
Having been criticized 2 by the teacher, he gave up smoking.
被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
注意:在need, want, require, be worth 等动词(短语)后,作宾语的现在分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
Your shoes need cleaning.= Your shoes need to be cleaned.
你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
This book is well worth reading.
这本书很值得一看。
n.检查( examination的名词复数 );考试;考查;试题
- He had been forced to incriminate himself in cross-examinations. 他在盘问中被迫受到牵连。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Examinations are hanging over her head—that's why she can't sleep at nights. 她大脑里想的都是考试,所以晚上无法入睡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
vt.批评(criticize的过去式)v.评论,批评( criticize的过去式和过去分词 )
- The decision was criticized by environmental groups. 这个决定受到了环保团体的批评。
- The movie has been criticized for apparently legitimizing violence. 这部电影因明显地美化暴力而受到了指责。
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