时间:2019-02-18 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   在公共场所我们随时都可以看到“禁止入内”、“禁止踏草坪”以及“违者罚款”等字眼。对大多数中国人来说,见到这些字眼已不觉着有什么不妥。但仔细推敲,这些语言给人一种居高临下,含有命令的意味。


  随着国门的打开,对外经济、文化的交流和发展以及人口素质的提高,我们再看这些警示牌总有一种不舒服感。“禁止”翻译成英语就是“Don't”。使用“Don't”口气比较生硬,不委婉。如“Don't pick the flowers”(禁止摘花),“Don't throw something out of the train”(禁止往车窗外扔东西),“Don't tread 1 on the lawn”(禁止践踏草坪),“Don't make noise”(禁止喧哗)等。当然这些句子无论是在语法上还是意思上都是非常正确的,但是语气显得很重,给人一种距离感。营造一种快乐随意的气氛,让大家身心愉快,一定的提醒是必要的,但是要避免生硬。
  英语是一种比较强调委婉的语言,在公园这样的地方一般不使用Don't这样生硬的词。如第一句“禁止摘花”可以译做“Keep away from the flowers , please . ”或者“Take care of the flowers, please.”这两句表达的是一个意思,但让人读了很舒服,使人不自觉地生出一种爱花的心情,把爱花当成是自己应尽的义务,跟竖牌子人的心情相一致。“take care of ”带有拟人色彩,将花看成是一个baby(孩子), 要人们像爱护和关心baby一样去爱护花木。如此,这个牌子的目的便达到了。再比如,“Don't make noise”(禁止喧哗)这种牌子也经常看到,我们完全可以将它译为“Quiet , please.”既简练,又标准。因此公共场合不用“Don't”照样能够达到如期的效果。
  同汉语一样,同样的意思在英语中可以有多种表达方式,不同表达方式的差别往往在于语气和情感,而语气和情感的选择又取决于具体的环境,所以英语标示的翻译一定要考虑具体的场合与对象,考虑被提示对象的阅读心理与情感,意思正确只是翻译的第一步。
  此外有些公共场所的提示语在英语中有其固定的用法如“No spitting”(禁止吐痰),“No smoking”(禁止吸烟)等等,但No与Don't不一样,它更多地被用在中性语境中。我们见到“不许动”,脑海中立即闪现“Don't move”, 而事实上外国警察所说的却是“Freeze”,或者“Hold it”。见到“动我就打死你”自然想到“If you move, I'll shoot you.”,而外国警察常说的却是 “Move and you are dead, man.”所以,我们应该掌握外国警察在类似情况下会怎样表达,而不是按照自己的表达习惯,用英文词把它说出来,虽然有时也可达意,但毕竟不是地道的英语。

vi.踩;行走;vt.踩烂(出);n.胎面,脚步声
  • A policeman walked by with a slow,measured tread.一名警察迈着小心的步子慢慢走过。
  • We heard father's tread on the steps.我们听到台阶上父亲的脚步声。
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