时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:英语口译


英语课

   1. 口译的两种模式1.1 吉尔模式著名的口译研究学者,法国巴黎国立东方语言文化语言学院高等翻译学院教授及吉尔在其著作《口笔译训练的基本概念与模式》( Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training)一书中针对口译的工作方式提出了“同声传译的口译模式”与“连续传译的口译模式”:(Gile,D 1995: 179)(1) SI=L + M + P + C即:同声传译(Simultaneous Interpreting)= 听力与分析(Listening and Analysis) + 短期记忆(Short-term memory effort) + 言语传达(Speech Production)(2) Phase I: CI = L + N + M + CPhase II: CI = Rem + Read + P即:连续传译(第一阶段)=听力与分析(Listening and analysis) + 笔记(Note-taking) + 短期记忆(Short-term Memory)+ 协调(Coordination)连续传译(第二阶段)=记忆(Rembering) + 读笔记(Note-reading)+ 传达(Production)在上述模式中,吉尔阐述的实际上是同声传译与连续传译的口译过程。吉尔强调在口译过程中理解的重要性,并专门提出了口译的理解模式: (Gile,D 1995:80)C=KL + ELK 1 + A即:理解(Comprehension)=语言知识(Knowledge for the language)+言外知识(Extra-Linguistic Knowledge)+ 分析(Analysis)1.2 厦门大学模式厦门大学模式是厦门大学林郁如教授及英国西敏斯特大学(University of Westminster )的Jack Lonergan教授带领的“中英英语项目合作小组”根据吉尔的模式进一步提出的适合口译训练的模式:(林郁如 1999:xxiv)A(D+CC)C(SL+K)R(TL+K)S+PI厦门大学口译训练模式上述模式中,I=Interpreting (口译结果)。A(D+CC) 即:对语篇(discourse)与跨文化交际成分(Cross-cultural communication)的分析;C(SL+K)(Comprehension in source language + knowledge)即:对原语及原语言外知识的理解;S + P(Skills+Professional Standard)是口译过程中,口译人员遵守的职业准则与应用的口译技巧;R(TL + K)(Reconstruction in target language + knowledge)是口译者在对原语的语言与知识进行理解、对跨文化交际的问题做了分析之后,应用口译技巧对原语的信息在目的语中进行重组,进而完成整项口译工作。


  1.3 两种模式之比较对比吉尔模式与厦门大学模式,我们可以发现,两者有许多共同之处,这就是两者都强调语言知识与言外知识及其对两者的分析是口译理解的重要内容;两个模式都强调理解是口译的第一步。吉尔的模式来自自己多年的实践经验,模式涉及到的问题比较具体、直观,对于从事口译实践的人有较强的指导作用。对口译过程阐述的比较清晰、明了,对口译技巧提的较为具体(如:口译笔记、短期记忆等)。而厦门大学模式则较为宏观,厦门大学模式以技巧与职业准则为训练核心,强调口译过程中对语言及言外知识的理解、语篇与跨文化交际因素的分析及语言信息及知识的重组。强调技巧的重要性,给口译培训者提出了重要的启示,即口译训练应以技巧(技能)训练为主。上述两种模式对口译工作人员及口译训练者都有一定的指导作用, 对口译训练的内容、方法及口译课的课程设置都具有一定的指导作用。

n.麋鹿
  • I was close enough to the elk to hear its labored breathing.我离那头麋鹿非常近,能听见它吃力的呼吸声。
  • The refuge contains the largest wintering population of elk in the world.这座庇护所有着世界上数量最大的冬季麋鹿群。
标签: 口译
学英语单词
'tend to one's knitting
accessory cuboid bone
accounting estimates
amino-acylase
Asteroschematidae
auto-assessments
baggageless
Boguslav
brp
carboloy electrode
chain filter
cold reducing machine
compound dredger
constrained minimization
contraception rate
control lever for power-drive
control-type generator
counterpose
cr winding
creep
cropper
cross baffled boiler
cultifoil arch
curse one's stars
donetsks
Dubyaea tsarongensis
emergency centre
empire state building
endomiotic
erzulie
exposed view
fellowship holder
flame spectrop hotometry
frontal line
fully-automatic drawing-in machine
geometrical conversion
glaphyra
globular amorphus
half-power beamwidth of antenna
Hardy Heron
immersion plate
indoor coal yard
iva oil
jetomic
key point of control
Linaloe
linary
lipbalm
liquid growth
long-term construction
magnetic surface memory
magnetic-field component
marine environmental sciences
mazing test
meclizine hydrochlorides
mega-corporation
melissotherapy
membranous sac
mother cells
nafziger
non sine wave
non-legalistic
noncomplete independence
o-chlorobenzyl alcohol
odamtten
olk
on course signal
onas
operations and maintenance
photoelastic sensor
photovoltaic cells
pitney
plasmoid
play one's cards badly
pleinement
porcellios
potentiometer measurement
potted plant
prepretend
pressure-tube reactor
protofibre
ptomatopsy
rate controller of implanted pacemaker
replenishing basin
requirements clearance symbol
rose-apple
rotatory irradiation
sequencing circuit
source of freight traffic
swivel pin
tandem rolling
theatrettes
towered
trigs
tunnel construction clearance
unbenight
undulative
variety-seeking decision
vertical wind shear
Wiman rule
You don't know when you're well-off.